IIIFカラー高解像度
国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
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| IIIFカラー高解像度 |
| Sino-Iranica : vol.1 | |
| シノ=イラニカ : vol.1 |
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引用情報
THE FIG
42. The fig (Ficus carica) is at present cultivated in the Yang-tse valley as a small, irregular shrub, bearing a fruit much smaller and inferior in quality to the Persian species.' According to the Pen ts`ao kan mu, its habitat is Yan-6ou (the lower Yang-tse region) and Yunnan. In his time, Li Si-èen continues, it was cultivated also in Cekian, Kian-su, Hu-pei, Hu-nan, Fu-kien, and Kwan-tun (1 14) by means of twigs planted in the ground. The latter point is of particular interest in showing that the process of caprification has remained unknown to the Chinese, and, in fact, is not mentioned in their works. The fig is not indigenous to China; but, while there is no information in Chinese records as to the when and how of the introduction, it is perfectly clear that the plant was introduced from Persia and India, not earlier than the Tang period.
The following names for the fig are handed down to us:—
(I) Po-se (Persian) Pr1 411 a-ii, *a- it(ir) (or f 4.1 a-yi, *a-yik),2
corresponds to an Iranian form without n, as still occurs in Kurd hair or ezir. There is another reading, *II tsar, which is not at the outset to be rejected, as has been done by WATTERS3 and HIRTH.4 The Pen 'ts'ao kan mu' comments that the pronunciation of this character (and this is apparently an ancient gloss) should be V '`14, *dzu, *tsu, *ts`u, so that we obtain *adzu, *atsu, *atstu. This would correspond to an ancient Iranian form *aj u. At any rate, the Chinese transcriptions, in whatever form we may adopt them, have nothing to do with New Persian anftr, as asserted by Hirth, but belong to an older stage of Iranian speech, the Middle Persian.
(2) FI yin-i,s *an-it(r). This is not "apparently a tran-
1 STUART, Chinese Materia Medica, p. 174. The Ci wu min §i t`u k`ao (Ch. 36, p. 2), however, speaks of the fig of Yün-nan as a large tree. According to F. N. MEYER (Agricultural Explorations in the Orchards of China, p. 47), the fig is grown in northern China only as an exotic, mostly in pots and tubs. In the milder parts of the country large specimens are found here and there in the open. He noticed black and white varieties. They are cultivated in an-hwa â it in the prefecture of d`an-Sa, Hu-nan (.3`an hwa hien ci, Ch. 16, p. 15 b, ed. 1877), also in the prefecture of dun-tien, ~i-li (Kwan-sü .3`un tien fu ci, Ch. 50, p. 10).
2 Yu yan tsa tsu, Ch. 18, p. 13.
3 Essays on the Chinese Language, p. 349.
4 Journal Am. Or. Soc., Vol. XXX, p. 20.
5 Ch. 31, p. 9.
6 Pen ts'ao kcal mu, Ch. 31, p. 26.
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