IIIFカラー高解像度
国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
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| Sino-Iranica : vol.1 | |
| シノ=イラニカ : vol.1 |
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引用情報
APPENDIX V
ADDITIONAL NOTES ON LOAN—WORDS IN TIBETAN
In my "Loan-Words in Tibetan" (T`oung Pao, 1916, pp. 403-552) I was obliged to dea 1 succinctly with some of the problems which are discussed at greater 1 ength in this volume.. The brief notes given there on saffron, cummin, almond, alfalfa, coriander, etc., are now superseded by the contributions here inserted. A detailed history of Guinea pepper (No. 237) is now ready in manuscript, and will appear as a chapter in my "History of the Cultivated Plants of America." The numbers of the following additions refer to those of the former article.
Note the termination -e in the loan-words derived from the Indian vernaculars: brain-ze, neu-le, ma-he, sen-ge, ban-de, bhan-ge. This -e appears to be identical with the nominative -e of Mâ,gadhi.
49. ga-bur, camphor. Sir GEORGE A. GRIERSON (see below) observes, "The softening of initial k to g is, I think, certainly not Indian." The Tibetan form has always been a mystery to me: it is not only the initial g, but also the labial sonant b, which are striking as compared with the surds in Skr. karpûra. As is well known, this word has migrated westward, the initial k being retained everywhere: Persian-Arabic kâf isr (GARCIA: cafur and cafur), Spanish alcanfor (AcosTA: canfora). These forms share the loss of the medial r with Tibetan. This phenomenon pre-existed in Indian; for in Hindustani we have kapûr, in Singhalese kapuru, in Javanese and Malayan kâpur. The Mongols have adopted from the Tibetans the same word as gabur; but, according to KOVALEVSKI (p. 2431), there is also a Tibeto-Mongol spelling gad-pu-ra: this
can only be a transcription of the Chinese type M kie-pu-lo,
anciently *g'iaa-bu-la, based on an Indian original *garpûra, or *garbûra. Tibetan ga-bur, of course, cannot be based on the Chinese form; but the latter doubtless demonstrates that, within the sphere of Indian speech, there must have been a dialectic variant of the word with initial sonant.
54. The Pol. D. (27, p. 31) gives nali.am (printed ali.am) as a Mongol word; assuredly it is not Tibetan. The corresponding Manchu word is xalxôri.
58. Regarding kin-kun, see above, p. 362.
6o. With respect to the Chinese transcription su-ki-mi-lo-si, PELLIOT (T`oung Pao, 1912, p. 455) had pointed out that the last element si
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