National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

1546

tion, 730 sqq. ; military and political situation in first centuries before and after Christ, 73o sqq. ; Limes advanced beyond Tun-huang (I or B. c.), 728, 741 ; westernmost extension reached (96 B. c.), 728 ; retrenchment in ist cent. A. D., 694 sq. ; due to troubles with Hsiung-nu, 695, 731 ; prob. date of abandonment, 648, 659, 668, 696 ; traffic continued after abandonment, 696 ; line beyond T. xiv ceased as continuous defensive system since Wang Mang, 636, 674, 694, 731 ; SW. flank prob. abandoned in Wang Mang's time, 647 sq., 731 ; secondary wall indicates policy of passive defence, 731 ; importance of Limes declines after 73 A.D., 732 ; regular guarding discontinued by middle of second cent. A. D. 733 ; Chinese policy of seclusionunderMing, x 122 sq.

antiques found along Tun-huang Limes, list of, 767 sqq. ; scarcity of paper frs., 674 ; frs. of literature, 763 sq. See also Chinese documents, Sogdian, tablets.

See also ' Great Wall ', Roman, Tun-huang, watch-towers, Yü-min kuan.

limestone : fr., 366 ; pebble, 363 ; whetstone, 428.

Lin Ta-jên, Tun-huang officer, 586.

linear designs, see designs.

linen : as backing for stucco relief, 184 ; clothing of soldiers on Tun-huang Limes, 760 ; used for Ch'ien-fo-tung paintings, 846'; misc. frs. found, 769, 988(?), 1170 (?), 1222 (?); banners, see s. v. ; border of MS.-roll cover, 954; canopies, 966, 994 ; canopies, miniature, 894, r000; circular mat, 96; paintings on, see paintings ; thread, ib. ; votive

rags ' (?), 1198, I 220.   See also
hemp.

Ling-chic, mod. sub-prefecture of Fing-fan, 725.

Ling-hu, military company, 648, 744, 747 n. 27 ; located at T. v1. b, 649.

Linnaea auricularia, shells of, 432.

lion-headed demon, paintings of, 979, 995.

lion masks, terra-cotta, see masks.

lioness, figures of: on seal impression, 1257; head on bronze terminal, 384, 436.

lions, figures of: on seals, x 18, 125 sq., 263 ; in fresco, 520, 523 ; in drawings and paintings, 891, 943, 950, 967, 979, 1000, 1003. 1025, 1067, 1086 (see also Mafhjugri) ; in textile decoration, 905; confronting, in textile decoration, 908, 91 I, 963 ; winged at Ho-nan, 515 n.

LITTLEDALE, Mr. St. George : on Nan-hu embankment, 61 o n. z, 618 ; on k-rghyol, from Tun-huang, 622.

LITTLEJOHN, Mr. S. W., help with Ch'ienfo-tung paintings, 832 n. 2&

GENERAL INDEX

Little Wan, see Hsiao yilan.

Liu Chi, ' director of literary studies in Sha-chou district ', 800.

Liu Chin-tang, General, 580.

Liu-thong, Han name for Lukchun oasis, 116o; seat of ' Chang-chih',

Lo CH(}N-YÜ, I1Ir.: publishes Sha chou chih (q. v.), 716 ; publishes Chinese Manichaean text, 922.

Lo-la-ching, misreading of Ko-la-thing, q. v.

Lo-tsun, Buddhist pilgrim, 798.

Lo-yang, sub-prefecture, named on cloth label, 636.

Lob, see Lop.

local authorities ', see to-li.

local names : artificial landmarks used for, 72 ; earlier local names, record of, 288; Chinese use of, 344 n. 26; names of Limes companies coupled with, 596, 659, 668, 670 ; Tibetan local names in docs., 1462, 1466.

local worship, survival of : in Chitral, 41; at Karwan-balasi, 71 ; on Chichiklik plateau, 78 n. 15 ; at caves in Pakhpu, 89 ; at Puski, 92 ; near Yôtkan, 94 ; on Tun-huang Limes, 588, 6o I sq. ; at site of ' Jade Gate ', 696 ; near Bulungir, 727 ; near An-hsi, 1090, 1095; at Wan-shan-tzü, I I 39 ; at Ara-tam, 1151 ; at Kohmari, ib. ; at debouchure of streams, and near canal-heads, 1151 sq. ; near Korla, 1232 ; near Islainabzd, 1280; at Mazar-ta h, 1285; at Kapak-aste, 1320 ; at Tort Imam[lar], 1322; local worship of rocky heights, 5302, 1310 ; of stone image, 1303. See also Mazars, Ziarats.

locks, wooden : (Tun-huang) 652 ; (Mazar-tagh) 1288, 1293, 1295.

locks and keys, wooden : from Khadalik, 160, 162, 186, 191, 193-5 ; from Kara-dong, 2242 sq. ; Mr. F. H. Andrews on, 160, 191-3 ; mod. analogies, 16o n. 13. See also keys.

L6czy, Prof. L. de : help of, xix ; visits Chien-fo-tung, 586.

Lokapalas, ' Guardians of the Four Regions ' : colossal figs. in fresco, 931. fresco fr., (Chong-hassar) I 170.

in Chien-fo-tung paintings : 868 sq.,

woodcuts, 969, &c.

types, arrangement, &c., of paintings : ' Indian ' or ' Central Asian ' type, 870, 872 ; ' Chinese' type, 873; early conception and popularity of L., 870 ; figures in Turkestan and China, 870 sq., 873 ; mod. representations, 870 ; date of adoption by Chinese Buddhist art, 87 ; identification of individual L., ib. ; cognizances of L., ib.; female figures supporting L., 871 sq.,

956 ; groups of banners, 872 ; armour and dress of L. figures, 873 ; scale armour represented, 464, 465 n. 4, 873 ; chain mail represented once,

873 ; details of foot-gear, 873 sq.; Western Asiatic style in head-gear,

874 ; connexion of flame emblems with Ïranian ' royal glory ', 874. sculptures, modern, (Ch'i.en-fo-tung)

796, 927, 930.

stucco frs. : (' Ming-oi ') 1188, 1199, 1219 ; (Farhad-Beg-yailaki) x249.

wooden statuette, (' Ming-oi ') 1197, I218.

See also Dhrtarastra, Vai§ravana, Virudhaka, Virûpaksa.

Lokaprajûa, Tibetan MS. fr. of, 1471. London : return from Khotan to, 13 r 7 sqq., 1327.

Long-hi, king of Kara-shahr, 1330. LONGE, Col. F. B., help given by, viii. loom, represented on painted panel, 194. loom-weights : clay, 205, 210 ; lead, 439.

See also spinning-whorls.

loopholes in ruined fort of Khâkanningshahri, 82.

loops, see designs.

Lop, hamlet of, 454.

Lop, territory and town of (anc. Loulan or Shan-shan, sees. vv.) : historical notices of, 318-44 ; Marco Polo's Lop, identified with mod. Charkhlik (q. v.), 308, 31r, 318 sq.; Mirza Haidar's Lob, 319 sq. ; Shan-shah of P`ei Chu, Sung Yün, and Fa-hsien, 323 sq. ; etymology, &c., of name, 318 n. 1, 320; people of, known as Lopliks (q.v.), 312, 318 n. 5; products, population, and position of chief settlements of ane. Lop, 335 ; anc. topography summarized, 344 sq. ; route to, from Turfâ,n, 1177. See also Han Annals, Na-fu-po, Nob.

Lop desert, 35o sqq. ; physical features and prehistoric occupation of district, 357 sqq. ; Tarim lagoons, 351 sqq. ; wind erosion, 353 sqq., 359 sq. ; dead riverine jungle, 354; wind-eroded anc. delta, 354 sqq.; explorations of 191415, 35o sqq. ; relics and objects found, 356 sqq. ; Descriptive List, 363 sqq.

routes : Loplik tradition about, 565.

.See An-hsi -Lop-nor,   Charchan,
Charkhlik, Fa-hsien, I-Isüan-tsang, Lou-lan, Ma Tuan-lin, Miran, Pei Chu, Polo, Shah Rukh, Sung Yün, Tang period, Tun-huang, ff'ei lio.

*Lop-chuk, see Lapehuk.

Lop-nor (' Salt Marsh ', yen-Ist) : Li Tao-Alan's Lao-lan (Lou-lan) lake, 297, 328; P'u-ch'ang lake of Shui ching and Chien Ban shu, 306, 320, 327, 420, 423, 425, 729 n. 3o; Ssü-ma Ch'ien's notice, 338, 340 ; Yu marshes, 420, 423 ; location of, 424 ; assumed great changes in bed of lake, 335 ;

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