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| 0416 |
Notes on Marco Polo : vol.1 |
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and I have taken it for Quilon rather than Colombo (cf TP, 1928, 460; 1930, 435); but I have been
wrong in adducing, besides « Columbum », etc., the Kulanbū (first two vowels uncertain) of Ibn
Baṭṭūṭah, which is really Colombo; and, if the Hebrew document be late enough, it may after all
refer to Colombo too.
In 983, a Chinese Buddhist priest went to India with a series of letters, one of which was for
the king of 柯 藍 K'o-lan (Sung shih, 490, 2 a); although this transcription supposes *Kalan, it is
supported by a later form of the Ming period, and the place meant is probably Quilon (in
Ferrand's note, JA, 1924, I, 115, 柯 is a misprint, and it is wrongly stated that the transcription
can be restored to *Ka-lam, with a final -m). In 1778, the Ling-wai tai-ta writes 故 藍 Ku-lin
(= *Kulom), and in 1225, we have the same spelling Ku-lin (= *Kulom) in Chao Ju-kua
(cf. BEFEO, IV, 319; HR, 88, 91).
Under the Mongol dynasty, there are many mentions of Quilon, particularly in the notice of
« Ma'abar and other countries » of YS, 210, 7 a-b, abominably translated in Pa, 603-605, and not
very satisfactorily by Rockhill in TP, 1914, 431-436. Pauthier is responsible for the pseudo-
royal residence « A-pu-ho-ta » which has puzzled Yule; the text really speaks of the distance from
Ma'abar to the domains of the great (ta) king A-pu-ha, i. e. the ilkhan Abaya (see « Abaga »).
I shall only remark here that the name in that notice is written 俱 藍 Chü-lan (= *Kulam or
*Kulom), and that the king reigning in 1280 is named 必 邪 的 Pi-na-ti (or Pi-no-ti), his younger
brother being *Kenokā Buramuśing. Quilon is also mentioned, with the same spelling Chü-lan,
in YS, 12, 4 a (s. a. 1282); 12, 6 a, 6 b (s. a. 1283, the name of the king being 瓦 你 Wa-ni); 14,
5 b (s. a. 1287, the name of the envoy from Quilon being *Buruwunai); 16, 9 a (s. a. 1291);
there are certainly other mentions too which I have not noted. In 1293 *Qultuqa, and in
1294 *Tügü- Tāmür were sent as envoys to 俱 藍 Ko-lan (Ko-lam); YS, 17, 9 b; 18, 3 b; this too is
Quilon.
In the same YS, 94, 11 a, mention is made of regulations published in 1296 for the trade
with Ma'abar, 俱 州 Pei-nan and Fandarāna; as Cordier had it from me already (Y, III, 120; Y¹,
IV, 27; cf. also TP, 1914, 425), we should read 俱 南 Chü-nan (= *Kunam or *Kunom), Quilon.
The same correction must be adopted for the « barbarian kingdom » (fan-pang) of 俱 州 Chü-nan
whose ambassador, Ma Burhanu-'d-Dīn, arrived in 1291 (YS, 16, 8 b); and the spelling Chü-nan,
instead of Chü-lan and Ko-lan, is adopted in 1349-1350 by the Tao-i chih-lio, which has a notice
on « Small [小, hsiao] Chü-nan », « Small Quilon » (cf. TP, 1915, 445-447). In the first half of the
15th cent., Quilon is marked as 小 葛 蘭 Hsiao Ko-lan, « Small Ko-lan » on the map published by
Phillips (JNCB, XIX, 222), in the Ying-yai shêng-lan, in the revised Hsing-ch'a shêng-lan and
in the Ming shih (cf. TP, 1915, 447-448; 1933, 288-289); the original Hsing-ch'a shêng-lan writes
Hsiao Chü-nan, the same as the Tao-i chih-lio. The Hsing-ch'a shêng-lan has besides a notice
on a « Great Quilon », the name of which is written Ta [大] Chü-nan in the original text, and Ta
Ko-lan in the revised edition; but this « Great Quilon », with both spellings, in an arbitrary
creation of the Hsing-ch'a shêng-lan, whose notice of it is simply copied from that of the « Small
Quilon » in the Tao-i chih-lio. In spite of the fact that the lan of Ko-lan never ended in -m, and
that, in the beginning of the 15th cent., Ko-lan ought to have represented an original *Golan, it
cannot be doubted that the name meant is Kollam or Kulam, our Quilon.
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