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| 0037 |
Notes on Marco Polo : vol.1 |
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But there is in all these texts no mention of the Asut, while there are several concerning
Chên-ch'ao; I shall quote the main ones :
α. YS, 132, 4b, biography of Ang-chi-êrh, a Hsi-Hsia man (not an Alan as is said in Mo,
141) : Ang-chi-êrh's father had submitted to Chinghiz-khan with his men in 1221, and Ang-chi-
êrh succeeded in the command of these Hsi-Hsia troops, to which others of the same nation were
added. When Bayan passed south of the Yang-tzŭ, he ordered Ang-chi-êrh to remain in the
north and to pacify the western half of the region between the Huai and the Yang-tzŭ. «The
[seat of the] military district of Chên-ch'ao submitted and was garrisoned by Asut troops. The
population would not tolerate their harshness. The [former Sung] commander [of the military
district] (tu-t'ung), 袱 福 Hung Fu, killed the Asut garrison and revolted. Ang-chi-êrh
attacked and stormed the city and captured [Hung Fu . . . »
β. YS, 132, 1a [and cf. T'u Chi, 102, 11a], biography of the Asut Hang-hu-ssŭ : «In 1270,
the son of Hang-hu-ssŭ, A-t'a-ch'ih, helped in conquering the important pass of Wu-ho-k'ou (in the
district of Wu-ho, Anhui). In 1274, he helped in conquering the prefectures of 松 江 Sung-
chiang and others (I suspect that the text is altered and I propose to read 㳂 仹 江 yen chiang,
'along the Yang-tzŭ'; Sung-chiang is the region in which lies Shanghai, far from Anhui) and
garrisoned Chên-ch'ao. The population would not accept the orders. The Sung general Hung
Fu, who had submitted, resorted to trickery, and taking advantage of an occasion when [A-t'a-ch'ih]
was drunk, he killed him. Shih-tsu (= Qubilai) expressed compassion for [A-t'a-ch'ih's] death
and granted to his family 500 taëls of silver, 3,500 strings of cash in paper money and [the
ownership of] 1539 families of Chên-ch'ao».
γ. YS, 132, 2b [and cf. T'u Chi, 102, 12a], biography of the Asut Yü-wa-shih : Yü-wa-
shih's father, Yeh-lieh (Eliya?), who had been appointed chiliarch in the army of the Asut,
«helped in conquering Hsiang-yang (see 'Saianfu'), then helped in conquering the cities along the
Yang-tzŭ. The Sung governor (an-fu) Hung [Fu], after he had submitted, revolted again; he
induced [Yeh-lieh] to enter the city, and, at a banquet, profiting from his [Yeh-lieh's] drunkenness,
he killed him . . . Yü-wa-shih succeeded his father as chiliarch of the army of the Asut, and
followed the minister Bayan in the pacification of the Sung. He was granted [the ownership of]
2,052 families of Chên-ch'ao.»
Of course, it might be supposed that another massacre of drunken Alans, of which there is
no trace in history, took place when Ch'ang-chou revolted; but the coincidence is hardly possible,
and the texts quoted above leave no doubt, in my opinion, that the Alans were killed at Chên-
ch'ao, not at Ch'ang-chou. Polo has wrongly connected with Ch'ang-chou an incident which
occurred elsewhere; the rebellion of both cities after they had submitted and the phonetic
similitude between Chên-ch'ao and Ch'ang-chou are probably responsible for the confusion.
The date of the massacre at Chên-ch'ao cannot be 1274, as is stated in Mo, 262; T'u Chi,
102, 12a, has adopted 1276, which is not quite certain either. Hung Fu's stubborn resistance and
death at Chên-ch'ao are narrated in his biography in the Sung shih, 451, 2b, but without any
allusion to the Asut and without precise dates. According to the pên-chi of the Sung shih, 47,
4b, 5a, after the seat of the military district of Chên-ch'ao had submitted to the Mongols, it was
reconquered by Hung Fu in 1275, 4th moon, on the day jên-yin (April 28), and, as a consequence,
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451
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621
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631
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