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| 0335 |
Notes on Marco Polo : vol.1 |
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which clearly have nothing in common. But the identification of Ha-lao-t'u with Ko-lao-t'ai is
more tempting, since both names are clearly adjectives, and the adjectival endings -tu and -tai are
freely interchangeable in Mongolian. Bičurin (Istoriya pervykh četerěkh khanov, 137) had said
that Chinghiz-khan died v Kharatuskom putevom dvorce. This is the origin of the camp of « Cara-
touski » in Oh, 1, 378, copied in Pa, 183, and as « Karatouski? » by Chavannes in TP, 1905, and it
even led Chavannes to read the name as Ha-lao-t'u-chih [之] instead of Ha-lao-t'u (an error
repeated by Cordier, Hist. gén. de la Chine, II, 222). But « Kharatuskiĭ » is merely a Russian
adjectival form derived from Ḥaratu = Ha-la-t'u, the Ch'ien-lung's « reformed » spelling of Ha-lao-
t'u, and, like all these « reformed » spellings, it must be abandoned. Ha-lao-t'u may represent
*Qara'utu, *Qala'utu, *; ara'utu, *ɣala'utu even *Hara'utu (> *Ara'utu) or *Hala'utu (> *Ala'utu);
Ko-lao-t'ai represents in principle *ɣarautai, or *ɣalautai but may also be * Qarautai or Qalautai.
Three at least of these forms are actually known or would be correct in Mongolian : qara'utai,
« blackish » (Secret History, 6, 100, 244, and see « Caraunas »), *qala'utai, « feverish », *ɣala'utai,
« place with wild geese ». For reasons to be given further on, I incline to the last interpretation
(cf. also TP, 1935, 165).
While we know the hsing-kung of Ha-lao-t'u only from the YS, we have almost too many
mentions of the « Valley of Sa-li », and they have given rise to the theory that there were at least
two « Valleys of Sa-li » in Mongolia and a third one north of Peking (cf. T'u Chi, 3, 33 a; Shêng-wu
ch'in-chêng lu, Wang Kuo-wei's commentary, 3 a); a fourth one should be added if the « Sa-li
Valley » where the YS makes Chinghiz-khan die were to be located in Kan-su.
In the case of Kan-su, one point must first be made clear. 撒里 Sa-li may in principle
render the Turk. sarty, « yellow ». This is the case with the 撒里畏吾 Sa-li Wei-wu of YS,
121, 1 b, the 㧑里畏吾 Sa-li Wei-wu of YS, 122, 5 a, who are the Sarïɣ Uiɣur, or « Yellow
Uighur », of south-western Kan-su (now known under the mongolized name of Šara-Yoyur). In
other cases, Sa-li renders the Turk. and Mong. Sali in names of individuals (cf. YS, 3, 2 b
[cf. Ber, 1, 62-63]; 130, 6 a; 195, 2 b). But there is no reason why there should be a Turkish
name of a place in central Kan-su. In the 13th cent., a foreign name could only have been
given to this Chinese part of the province by the Mongols and in Mongolian; moreover, Sa-li must
be Mongolian, since it appears together with Ha-lao-t'u, the Mongolian character of which is
beyond dispute.
The would-be homonymous place to the north of Peking must be left out of account. It is
the one called Šira-kä'är, « Yellow Steppe », in the Secret History (§§ 67, 252); the Chinese name,
corrupt in the Shêng-wu ch'in-chêng lu (54 b), was probably 黃 旬 Huang-tien (> 王 闲 > 王 伺),
of identical meaning. Kä'är, classical Mong. kä'ärä, « steppe », also occurs in the names of the
Jä'ärän-kä'är, « Antelope Steppe », transcribed in the YS in various ways (cf. Wang Hui-tsu², 49,
7 a), and of the Bu'ura-kä'är, « Male camel Steppe » (= Turk. buyra; Secret History, §§ 105,
109, 152). But the place name in Mongolia corresponding to the « Sa-li Valley » of the Chinese
texts is always written Sa'ari-kä'är in the Secret History (§§ 123, 161, 177, 193, 197, 250), whereas
the word for « yellow » invariably appears there as šira (§§ 12, 200, 246, 274; > mod. Mong. šara).
The meaning of sa'ari is not open to doubt, and the two words should be strictly distinguished
(Charignon [Ch, 1, 197] repeats the erroneous explanation of sa'ari as « yellow »). The Mong. sa'ari
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31
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41
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61
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251
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261
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321
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331
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341
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361
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381
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391
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401
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441
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461
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481
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521
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531
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541
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551
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561
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571
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581
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591
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601
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611
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621
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631
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