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| 0341 |
Notes on Marco Polo : vol.1 |
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itinerary, and not its Sa'ari-kä'är, which would correspond to the Sa'ari-kä'är of Chin Yu-tzŭ's
account. I have no satisfactory solution to proffer. It may be that Qara-tün was a designation
of the woody region immediately east of the Tula, and Sa'ari-kä'är a comprehensive term referring
to the whole of the watery steppe west of the Kerulen; in Ming-tsung's itinerary, both Sa-li and
Sa-li-ch'ieh-êrh would be Sa'ari-kä'är, with a more or less arbitrary specification not corresponding
to the use of Sa'ari-kä'är by Chin Yu-tzŭ. But such and hypothesis is far from meeting all pos-
sible objections.
Whatever the case may be, it can hardly be doubted that Chin Yu-tzŭ, who was on the spot,
knew what he was writing about when he said that Shuang-ch'üan-hai was the Sa'ari-kä'är of
Chinghiz-khan and gave a description of it. Moreover, we are in a position to identify the «Twin
Spring Lake» and the lake to the south of it. The southern lake is probably the «Kouen omo»
of D'ANVILLE's Nouvel Atlas de la Chine («Tartarie chinoise», seventh sheet; omo is the Manchu
word for «lake»), the 袞 泊 Kun-po, «Kun Lake», of the so-called Wu-ch'ang Map. It is also the
袞 模 Kun-mo of the Mêng-ku yu-mu chi (9, 24 b; cf. POPOV, Mên-gu yu-mu czi, 400), in which
the second part of the Manchu omo has erroneously become part of the name in Chinese. An-
other 滾 泊 Kun-po in inner Mongolia (misread as «Gombo» by POPOV, 288) is said to be called
in Mongolian Gün-nör, meaning «Deep Lake»; such is surely also the meaning of the name of the
Kun-po west of the Kerulen. This Gün-nör also west of the Kerulen is the 軍 顒 見 Chün-nao-
êrh to which Mongka repaired for the autumn in 1253 and again in 1257 (YS, 3, 2 b, 3 b; 72, 3 a)
and the 吾 顒 見 Chün-nao-êrh where Mongka issued in the autumn of 1255 an edict for the
suppression of certain Taoist books (cf. TP, 1904, 380; Tōyō gakuhō, XII, 103; YANAI, 388-389,
676; WALEY, Travels of an Alchemist, 31 [but read «Gün-nor», not «Kun-nor»]). The 軍 顒
見 Chün-nao-êrh of YS, 100, 2 a, may be different. I see no reason to identify with the Gün-nör
west of the Kerulen, as YANAI does, the 日 溫 顒 見 K'ou-wên-nao-êrh of YS, 15, 3 a (*Käwün-
nör?; the same k'ou-wên, the restoration of which is uncertain, occurs in the name of a prince
K'ou-wên-buqa in YS, 2, 2 b, 3 a, s. a. 1235 and 1237; it is also the name of a Mongol musical air
mentioned in the Cho-kêng lu, 28, 8 a). There is still less ground to believe, with YANAI, that
the 顆 顆 顒 見 K'o-k'o-nao-êrh (Kökö-nör, «Blue Lake») of YS, 3, 3 a, and 72, 1 b, and Rašīdu-
'd-Dīn's كوكه ناور Kökä-nawūr (Oh, II, 195; Bl, 241) are but other names of the Gün-nör (BLOCHET's
identification of this Kökä-nawūr with «the famous 青 海 [Ch'ing-hai, «Blue Sea»] of the Chinese
in the extreme west of Mongolia», i. e. with the Kökö-nör of our maps, is absurd, and moreover
the only well-known Kökö-nör lies west of Kan-su, not in Western Mongolia; as to YANAI's
correction of D'OHSSON's كوكه ناور Küsä-nawur [Oh, II, 85; Bl, II, 49] to Kökä-nawur, it is arbitrary).
I may add that the Kökö-na'ur (> Kökö-nör) is mentioned in the Secret History, §§ 89, 122 (cf. also
Ta-Ming i-t'ung chih, 90, 27 b) in connection with the Sänggür, and so is not to be looked for
to the west of the Kerulen.
The southern lake being the Gün-nör, we can also identify the Shuang-ch'üan-hai or «Twin
Spring Lake». North of the «Kouen omo», D'ANVILLE's map shows a «Calotey Omo», «Calotey
Lake», which is the 隩 老 台 泊 Ko-lao-t'ai-po, «Ko-lao-t'ai Lake», of the Wu-ch'ang map. NAKA
(Chingisu-kan jitsuroku, 122) was, I think, the first to connect this Ko-lao-t'ai Lake with Chin
Yu-tzŭ's Shuang-ch'üan-hai; YANAI (389, 672) followed him; I have no doubt they are right. Ko-
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521
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531
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541
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561
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571
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581
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591
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601
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611
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621
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631
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