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| 0355 |
Notes on Marco Polo : vol.1 |
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the other sons of Chinghiz-khan and of their descendants lay in other parts of the cemetery; they
were in other regions, and that is what Rašid really meant to say. The fact is well known, even
in the case of Tului's lineage, for his son Hülägu and Hülägu's successors were all buried in Persia.
Persian texts speak more than once of the «ɣorūq (or qōrtɣ) of Sulṭāniya» or of the «qorūq of
Aryūn», the latter one being the place where the ilkhan Aryun was buried (cf. Not. et Extr., XIV,
I, 65). Plan Carpine knew of only two Mongol cemeteries (Wy, 44), one for the Emperors and
the great leaders, to which they were carried, when possible, wherever they might have died, the
other for the many (multi) Mongols who had been killed in Hungary. Plan Carpine, who did not
go farther east than Qara-qorum, speaks of the Imperial tombs only from hearsay, and unduly
extends the number and the quality of their occupants. But he passed by the cemetery of the
princes killed in Hungary; he even entered its precincts unwittingly, and had a narrow escape
from the keepers (clearly the Turk. qoruqči, Mong. qoriqči; Qoriqči occurs as the name of an
individual in Bl, II, 331). Risch (Johann de Plano Carpini, Leipzig, 1930, 86) expressed the
opinion that the cemetery was probably in Hungary. This is certainly an error. Plan Carpine's
journey, either way, did not take him to Hungary; moreover, his account implies that the cemetery
was in the hands of the Mongols, and the Mongols has vacated Hungary long before 1245-1246.
The cemetery must have lain somewhere between Kiev and the Volga. On the other hand, it is
clear that the Mongols would bring back from Hungary to southern Russia only the bodies of
their higher leaders, probably even only of the princes. I have no information on the tombs of
the members of the branch of Jöči, but they must have been buried in the basin of the Volga.
The tombs of those of the Čaɣatai branch are surely to be looked for in the region of the Ili and
of both Turkestans, and Qaidu, a grandson of Ögödäi (see «Caidu») was buried in the mountains
between the Ču and the Ili (cf. Barthold, 12 Vorlesungen, 186). According to Rašidu-'d-Dīn,
Ögödäi's branch was not represented among the Chinghiz-khanids buried at the Yākā-qoriq; this
would exclude Ögödäi and Güyük and is in contradiction with the Chinese authorities, according
to which both those Emperors, like Chinghiz-khan himself, were buried in the «Ch'i-lien Valley».
It is not clear, however, that Rašidu-'d-Dīn was entirely wrong. The ordo of a defunct Emperor
used to be at no great distance from his tomb, and we know that after Güyük's death, his ordo
remained in the region of the Emil (east of Lake Balkash); Rubrouck saw it there (Wy, 240).
Moreover, the conditions which followed Güyük's death at the time of the regency of his widow,
Oyul-qaimis̈, in the region of the Emil make it quite probable that the body of the defunct
Emperor was carried from the valley of the Urungu to the Emil and not to north-eastern Mongolia.
As to Qubilai and his line, they are in one case said by Rašid to have been buried at the Yākā-
qoriq, and in the two other texts above, as well as in another which will be dealt with farther on,
the same historian seems to exclude them, or at least Qubilai himself, from the list. I shall revert
to this point later.
In all the texts quoted above, Rašidu-'d-Dīn locates the Yākā-qoriq at the «Būrqān-qāldūn».
The names is well known. It is the Burqan-qaldun of the Secret History (§§ 1, 5, 9, 89, 97, etc.),
of the Altan tobči (Gomboev, 4b-9 «Burqan-ɣaldun»; 120, misread «Burḥan-galdan») and of
«Sanang Setsen» (Schmidt, 57, 59). «Burgin-gal-dūt», in Pallas's translation of another late
Mongol chronicle (Sammlungen historischen Nachrichter, 1, 21), is merely a faulty reading of the
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241
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251
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261
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271
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281
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311
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321
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331
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341
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351
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357
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361
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371
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381
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391
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401
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421
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431
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441
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451
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461
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471
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481
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491
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501
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511
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521
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531
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541
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551
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561
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571
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581
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591
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601
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611
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621
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631
632
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