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| 0376 |
Notes on Marco Polo : vol.1 |
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which is mentioned, for instance, in the accounts of the campaign of Yung-lo, . . . and in one
of Gerbillon's diaries ». The note to the same effect in Palladius's Elucidations of 1876
(p. 358), though reproduced in Y, I, 248, is different enough to be quoted here : « Our well-
know Mongolist, N. Golovkin, has told us that according to a story actually current among
the Mongols, the tombs of the former Mongol khans are situated near Tas-ola hill, equally (i. e.
like the mountain in Chin Yu-tzŭ's account) in the vicinity of the Kerulen. He states also
that even now the Mongols are accustomed to assemble on that hill on the 7th day of the
7th moon (according to an ancient custom), in order to adore Chinghiz-kan's tomb ».
Palladius's statements have at least importance in that they show that, in the sixties of
the last century, the « Ordos » theory of the tomb was not yet current or commonly accepted in
outer Mongolia, since neither Golovkin nor Palladius seems to have even heard of it.
Moreover, from the similarity between the two statements in Palladius, we can safely deduce
that Golovkin was his sole informant. It seems to me very probable that Palladius was right
in connecting Golovkin's information with that given in the Pei-chêng lu. Yet there are
difficulties and inaccuracies. I cannot identify the « Tas-ola » (?« Grey-eagle Mountain »), or find
even any other mention of the name; while the location between Dolôn-nôr (= Polo's « Ciandu »)
and the Kerulen is most vague. No Mongol text speaks of Chinghiz-khan's death as having
taken place on the 7th of the 7th moon, but either on the 12th (cf. Schmidt, Gesch. der Ost-
Mongolen, 105; an information which the Mongols seem to owe to Chinese official history), or on
the 15th according to the Altan tobči (cf. p. 309, 317); the date of the 7th day of the 7th moon may be
due, however, to the attraction of the Chinese popular calendar, which celebrates on the eve of that
day the meeting of the Weaving Damsel (a Lyra) with the Cow-herd (a Aquila). In spite of
Palladius, I can find nothing on the subject in the various diaries of Gerbillon published by
du Halde. It may be that Palladius's reference is based here on a faint and erroneous
remembrance of a passage in Timkovski, who quotes (Voyage à Péking, I, 170) a sentence of
Gerbillon's diary dated June 11, 1696 (du Halde, IV, 327; not « June 16 » as in Timkovski),
where, however, nothing is said of the Mongol Imperial or princely tombs.
On the other hand, the gathering of the Mongols in the seventh month fits in very well with
their meeting « in the summer » at the Darḫan-ūla in Timkovski's text. Unless we suppose that
there were two successive annual gatherings at neighbouring places, we are here confronted with
the same difficulty as when translating Chin Yu-tzŭ's text : the Darḫan-ūla seems to be too much
to the west. Moreover, the names Darḫan-ūla and Tas-ūla are not reconcilable.
While admitting that in both the Pei-chêng lu and in Palladius's second-hand information
derived from Golovkin we have to do with one and the same tradition, the fact that Golovkin
spoke of the Mongol Emperors need not be accepted as the expression of the truth. Quite
evidently, the details of the tradition — for instance that of Chinghiz-khan's anvil at the Darḫan-
ūla — are later developments. If there were princely tombs of the Mongols at the place referred
to by Chin Yu-tzŭ, it is only too natural that in later Mongol legend they should have become the
tombs of the Emperors themselves, the true location of which was no longer known.
VII. — 張 鵬翮 Chang P'êng-ho (1649-1725; cf. Giles, Biogr. Dict. No. 95) was one of the
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