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| 0043 |
The Book of Ser Marco Polo : vol.2 |
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The oriflamme of France was made of *cendal*. Chaucer couples taffetas and sendal.
His "Doctor of Physic"
"In sanguin and in persé clad was allé,
Linéd with taffata and with sendalle."
[La Curne, *Dict., s. v. Sendaus* has: Silk stuff: "Somme de la delivrance des
*sendaus.*" (*Nouv. Compt. de l'Arg.* p. 19).—Godefroy, *Dict.*, gives: "*Sendain,*
adj., made with the stuff called cendal: Drap d'or *sendains* (1392, *Test. de
Blanche, duch. d'Orl.*, Ste-Croix, Arch. Loiret)." He says *s.v.* Cendal,
"*cendau, cendral, cendel, . . . sendail, . . .* étoffe légère de soie unie qui paraît
avoir été analogue au taffetas." "'On faisait des *cendaux* forts ou faibles, et on
leur donnait toute sorte de couleurs. On s'en servait surtout pour vêtements et
corsets, pour doublures de draps, de fourrures et d'autres étoffes de soie plus
précieuses, enfin pour tenture d'appartements.' (*Bourquelot, Foir. de Champ.*
I. 261)."
"J'ay de toilles de mainte guise,
De sidonnes et de *cendaulx.*
Soyes, satins blancs et vermaulx."
—*Greban, Mist. de la Pass.,* 26826, *G. Paris.* —H. C.]
The origin of the word seems somewhat doubtful. The word Σενδές occurs in
*Constant. Porphyrog. de Ceremoniis* (Bonn, ed. I. 468), and this looks like a transfer
of the Arabic *Sândâs* or *Sundus*, which is applied by Bakui to the silk fabrics of
Yezd. (*Not. et Ext.* II. 469.) Reiske thinks this is the origin of the Frank word,
and connects its etymology with Sind. Others think that *sendal* and the other forms
are modifications of the ancient *Sindon*, and this is Mr. Marsh's view. (See also *Fr.-
Michel, Recherches, etc.* I. 212; *Dict. des Tissus,* II. 171 *seqq.*)
Note 2.—Jújú is precisely the name given to this city by Rashiduddin, who
notices the vineyards. Juju is Cho-Chau, just at the distance specified from Peking,
viz. 40 miles, and nearly 30 from Pulisanghin or Lu-kou K'iao. The name of the
town is printed *Tsochow* by Mr. Williamson, and *Chechow* in a late Report of a journey
by Consul Oxenham. He calls it "a large town of the second order, situated on the
banks of a small river flowing towards the south-east, viz. the Kiu-ma-Ho, a navigable
stream. It had the appearance of being a place of considerable trade, and the streets
were crowded with people." (*Reports of Journeys in China and Japan,* etc. Pre-
sented to Parliament, 1869, p. 9.) The place is called *Jújú* also in the Persian
itinerary given by 'Izzat Ullah in *J. R. A. S.* VII. 308; and in one procured by Mr.
Shaw. (*Proc. R. G. S.* XVI. p. 253.)
[The Rev. W. S. Ament (*Marco Polo,* 119-120) writes, "the historian of the city of
Cho-chau sounds the praises of the people for their religious spirit. He says:—'It
was the custom of the ancients to worship those who were before them. Thus students
worshipped their instructors, farmers worshipped the first husbandman, workers in
silk, the original silk-worker. Thus when calamities come upon the land, the virtuous
among the people make offerings to the spirits of earth and heaven, the mountains,
rivers, streams, etc. All these things are profitable. These customs should never be
forgotten.' After such instruction, we are prepared to find fifty-eight temples of
every variety in this little city of about 20,000 inhabitants. There is a temple to the
spirits of Wind, Clouds, Thunder, and Rain, to the god of silk-workers, to the Horse-
god, to the god of locusts, and the eight destructive insects, to the Five Dragons, to
the King who quiets the waves. Besides these, there are all the orthodox temples to
the ancient worthies, and some modern heroes. Liu Pei and Chang Fei, two of
the three great heroes of the *San Kuo Chih,* being natives of Cho Chou, are each
honoured with two temples, one in the native village, and one in the city. It is not
often that one locality can give to a great empire two of its three most popular heroes:
Liu Pei, Chang Fei, Kuan Yu."
"Judging from the condition of the country," writes the Rev. W. S. Ament
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731
732
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