IIIF Color HighRes
National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
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| Sino-Iranica : vol.1 |
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Citation Information
266 SINO-IRANICA
all the district and prefectural gazetteers of Sen-si Province enumerate the walnut in the lists of products. The " Gazetteer of San-tun i1 mentions walnuts for the prefectures of Ts`i-nan, Yen-6ou, and Ts`in6ou, the last-named being the best. The Gazetteer of the District of Tun-no A P12 in the prefecture of Tai-nan in San-tun reports an abundance of walnuts in the river-valleys. An allusion to oil-production from walnuts is found in the "Gazetteer of Lu-nan," where it is said, "Of all the fruits growing in abundance, there is none comparable to the walnut. What is left on the markets is sufficient to supply the needs for lamp-oil.i3 Also under the heading "oil," walnut-oil is mentioned as a product of this district.'
Juglans regia, in its cultivated state, has been traced by our botanists in San-tun, Kian-su, Hu-pei, Yün-nan, and Se-c`wan.5 Wilson nowhere saw trees that could be declared spontaneous, and considers it highly improbable that Juglans regia is indigenous to China. His opinion is certainly upheld by the results of historical research.
A wild species (Juglans mandshurica or cathayensis Dode) occurs in Manchuria and the Amur region, Ci-li, Hu-pei, Se-6`wan, and Yünnan.s This species is a characteristic tree of the Amur and Usuri valleys.' It is known to the Golde under the name kocoa or ko. oa, to the Manâgir as korco, to the Gilyak as tiv-alys. The Golde word is of ancient date, for we meet it in the ancient language of the Jurci, JuCen,
or in the form xu.u8 and in Manchu as xôsixa. The great antiquity
of this word is pointed out by the allied Mongol word xusiga. The whole series originally applies to the wild and indigenous species,
I an tun t`un ci, Ch. 9, p. 15.
2 Ch. 2, p. 32 (1829).
3 Quotation from Lu-nan ci ta, j ;4 , in the gait cou tsun ci j HJ 4
(General Gazetteer of dan-Zou), 1744, Ch. 8, p. 3.
4 Ibid., Ch. 8, p. 9. Oil was formerly obtained from walnuts in France both for use at table and for varnishing and burning in lamps, also as a medicine supposed to possess vermifuge properties (AINSLIE, Materia Indica, Vol. I, p. 464).
5 See particularly C. S. SARGENT, Plantae Wilsonianae, Vol. III, pp. 184-185 (1916). J. ANDERSON (Report on the Expedition to Western Yunan, p. 93, Calcutta, 1871) mentions walnuts as product of Yün-nan. According to the Tien hai yü hen ci (Ch. to, p. I b; above, p. 228), the best walnuts with thin shells grow on the Yan-pi or Yan-p`ei Rivera { a of Yün-nan.
6 FORBES and HEMSLEY, Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany, Vol. XXVI, P. 493; SARGENT, op. cit., pp. 185 et seq. J. DE LOUREIRO (Flora cochinchinensis, p. 702), writing in 1788, has a species Juglans camirium (Annamese dedu lai) "habitat agrestis cultaque in Cochinchina;" and a Juglans catappa (Annamese cdy mo cua) "habitat in sylvis Cochinchinae montanis."
GRUM-GRZIMAILO, Description of the Amur Province (in Russian), p. 313. 3 W. GRUBE, Schrift und Sprache der Julien, p. 93.
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