sections; but behind them and above them rises the range of Schia-manglaj, which we saw at the end of the glen. This range belongs to the Ilve-tschimen. Another broad, shallow, gravelly watercourse, after winding north-west amongst detached eminences, joins the Paschalik-saj. Here the surface is almost level and in part strewn with sand; on the other hand there was very little snow, and what there was occurred in thin, scattered patches. Here were a few teresken and köuruk plants. This district is called Schia-manglaj-lajdang. To the north-east, and thus in the angle between the Paschalik-saj and the Ilve-tschimen, we observed a spur of moderate size. It was just below its little pass that we pitched Camp XCII at an altitude of 3;153 m. In the distance, to the north-east, an imposing mountain-range, the upper Astin-tagh, which we had crossed over at Basch-jol. There was no spring to be found here, though there was snow. But we were not badly off for grazing, and fuel was abundant.
Not far below our former camp we found a pink variety of rock, not unlike marble, and with a dip of 79° towards the S. i 5° E., and shortly after that actual marble at 43° N. At the little bel in the Paschalik-saj we found a dark crystalline schist at 65° N. A similar schist, with a large admixture of mica, but rotten and readily friable, occurred in the small detached mountains, dipping 48° towards the N. 40° W. In the beds of the streams the predominant rock was, as hitherto, grey granite.
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