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『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0393 |
Innermost Asia : vol.1 |
| 極奥アジア : vol.1 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
墨 山; for the location of Mo-shan, also called *Shan* 山 in the Han Annals, in the westernmost Kuruk-tāgh is established.⁶ On their farther course to the east the waters of the river are said to pass south of the town of *Chu-pin* 注 賓. By this, as I have been able to prove elsewhere, the site of Ying-p'an at the head of the present Kuruk-daryā must be meant.⁷ 'Farther east', we are told, 'they pass south of the town of *Lou-lan* and then run off eastwards.' A reference which the commentator makes here to the story of a Chinese military colony established at this town has been fully elucidated by me in *Serindia*. It renders it quite certain that by the 'town of Lou-lan' the site of the ruined station L.A. and its vicinity are intended.⁸ The statement as to the river's course being south of the town is in complete agreement with what the surveys recorded above in Chap. VI. sec. v have shown us of the succession of ancient river-beds, all deltaic branches of the Kuruk-daryā and several of them of great width, crossed on our march to L.A. from the south. To the north of the ruined station we had met with only a few dry beds and none of considerable size.
The next passage of the text directly concerns us here and may therefore be quoted in full: 'The waters of the river *(Ho)* 河 proceed farther east, to empty themselves in the *Yu* marshes 泃 澤 which are those called by the [*Shui*] *ching* the *P'u-ch'ang* lake 蒲 昌 海. The waters accumulate in the north-east of *Shan-shan* 善善 and in the south-west of the Town of the Dragon 龍 城.
'The Town of the Dragon is the site of the town in which at one time resided *Chiang Lai* 姜 賴. This was a great kingdom of *Hu* 胡. An overflow of the *P'u-ch'ang* lake covered up the capital of this kingdom. The foundations [of this town] are still preserved ; they are very extensive. If at sunrise one starts from the western gate one arrives at sunset at the eastern gate. At the scarped foot of this town a canal had been made. On the line which has survived of it, the wind blowing has gradually produced the form of a dragon of which the face turned westwards regards the lake. It is from this that the name " Town of the Dragon " is derived.'
For the interpretation of the important topographical points here furnished by Li Tao-yüan's account, the facts recorded in Maps Nos. 29, 32, on the basis of our surveys of 1914 and 1915 afford safe guidance. These show us that the ancient river-beds, forming part of the Kuruk-daryā delta and traced by us in the area south of the Lou-lan Site, must have terminated farther east in marshes by the western shores of that great salt-encrusted sea-bed, dried up since a far earlier period, which in the *Shui ching* and also in the Former Han Annals bears the alternative names *P'u-ch'ang* lake or 'Marsh of Salt' (*Yen-tsê* 鹽 澤). The present freshwater marshes of the Kara-koshun, formed by the dying Tārīm near the south-western extremity of the same salt-encrusted Lop sea-bed, provide an exact counterpart to those 'Yu marshes' in which the river-beds of ancient Lou-lan once emptied themselves.
It was along the approximate line of their outflows into those marshes that the survey between Camps C. ccxxxix. a and C. ccxli. a was made under my instructions by Afrāz-gul in February, 1915. As will be seen from the ground shown on that line in Maps No. 32. A. 3, 4 and No. 29. D. 4 and from the surveyor's diary record, a series of dry beds, recognizable moreover in some places by dead Toghrak trunks washed down from the banks higher up, were successively encountered by him. South-eastwards they lose themselves in the vast expanse of hard crumpled-up salt which marks the former Lop sea-bed. By the side of these outflows there are found, for a distance of over forty miles from north-east to south-west, stretches of ground showing a surface of salt-encrusted clay, and in places still retaining dead reeds and tamarisks. These stretches of ground obviously
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