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CH. VIII]   THE CHRONICLES OF LADAKH : TRANSLATION   121

deserved to be made lords of the castle, the younger brother, Phun-tshogs-rnam-rgyal,

through treachery of his mother, made him (Sa-skyon) lama at He-ini.

NOTES

Lho-mon-sdai►, or Lho-mon-than, is a town situated a few miles north-west of Muktinsth of Nepal. Pho-tog-sa is situated on the road from Lamayuru to Zaiis-dkar. The above passage seems to refer to a pass in the vicinity. A pass named Pho-tho is found in Pu-rig, just above Lamayurn. Kastawar (Kishtwar) is a principality in the Chenab valley, between Kashmir and Chamba : nowadays it forms part of the Kashmir State. Pa-ldar is a town on the Chenab, a little east of the town of Kastawar.

For a song on little Prince Bde-skyon see Lad. Songs, No. XVI, ` The Girl of Sheh.' According to an inscription at 'A-lci Bde-skyon restored the outer court of the Rnam-par-snaii-mdzad temple at 'A-lci. Votive inscriptions mentioning this king are found under Nos. 72, 73 of my collection.

(B MS.) Phun-tshogs-rnam-rgyal reigned (c. 1740-60 A.D.). But his uncle

Bkra-sis-rnam-rgyal tried to seize the rule over the Kashmir traders and [Phun-tshogs']

Ladakhi subjects by soft means as well as by beating. (C MS.) Tshe-dbaii-rnam-rgyal

and Phun-tshogs-rnam-rgyal were quarrelling about the government. (B MS.) The

report reaching the Rgyal-ba-rin-chen (the Dalai Lama), viz. that a disturbance with

the king on the frontier (in Ladakh) had arisen, and that this might be made an

occasion for an Indian army to enter Tibet, at that identical time, just when he was in

contemplation as to whom amongst the Bkah-rgyud lamas he should give an order to act

as peacemaker, it happened that the ` great man of wisdom ' (rig-hdzin) of Bkah-thog,

Tshe-dban-nor-bu, arrived from Kham[s] on his way to Nepal, where he intended to

replace the ` Wood of Life ' on the great mchod-rten of Bal-yul (Nepal). At the same

time the Rgyal-ba Omniscient (Dalai Lama) sent word to the ' great man of wisdom ',

` The task of making peace in La-dvags being laid upon you, you should go ? ' He,

extolling the word of the Rgyal-ba, promised to go to La-dvags. He arrived at Sgar.

There, following the suggestion of the King of La-dvags, Bkra-sis-rnam-rgyal, and the

ministers, the ministers of Zans-dkar and Gran-dkar went as chamberlains to meet the

saviour, the great wise nian. They explained to him the condition of Upper and Lower

La-dvags. Thereupon, together with messengers of the two governors of Sgar, he

arrived at Wam-le lamasery. There he met with the King of La-dvags and his

ministers, and in due course the Bu-rig king and minister arrived. They then

deliberated upon the ternis to be made. They all agreed to the decisions and obligations

imposed upon them by the saviour, the ` great man of wisdom '. The results arrived at

through these deliberations were :—Whatever the number of sons born at the castle of

La-dvags may be, the eldest only shall reign. The younger ones shall become lamas at

Dpe-thub, Khri-rtse, etc., but there shall not be two kings. The King of Zans-dkar,

having his dominion at the Indian frontier, shall remain king as before. The He-nas-sku

[rulers], obviously being of royal descent, and their kingdom of little importance, shall

also remain. With these two exceptions, it shall not be permitted that in one kingdom

exist two kings.

NOTES BY DR. K. MARX

Bkah-thog is a district in Tibet. Rig-hdzin is the name of an order of married lamas. (As the dictionaries are not in keeping with this rendering, I have preferred to take the word in its ordinary sense, viz. ` Man of wisdom '.—F.)

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