国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

WILLIAM VINCENT AND GEORGE FORSTER.

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their example. Therefore the source of the Satlej had to be searched for elsewhere, and Vincent found it probable that it must be situated in the ranges which were supposed to be a continuation of the mountains on the eastern border of Kashmir. The upper Indus of the Lama map was also believed to be a source branch of the Ganges, and therefore, naturally enough, the upper Indus was regarded as altogether missing on the Lama map, as published by d'Anville, and Vincent, of course, had nothing else to say than that the ultimate source of the Indus always remained unknown. On Vincent's map, which was published in London in 1797, none of the Panjab rivers come from western Tibet.

On the general map of GEORGE FORS'I'ER's journey, 1783-84, the Satlej has its source not very far above Belaspoor, and the Indus comes down to Attock from the N.N.E. Farther east we have the Ganges, formed, as on d'Anville's map, by the real upper Indus and upper Satlej.

The map of Kashmir in the second volume of Forster's work ` is indeed interesting. Its title is: Carte du Pays de Kachmyr tire d'une Description de l'Ilindoustan, manuscrite, déj5os&e 2 la IJiblothèque Nationale, par feu le Cape Gentil, and it contains both the source of the Indus and of the Satlej (Pl. II). To

the N.W. of Srinagar is Petit Thibet and to the N.E. Grand Thibet with Andrade's city, Tchaproungue. Kashmir is separated froni the two Tibets by a very high range of mountains, called Chaîne des Montagnes du Kantal, in which we recognize Desideri's Kantal, or Zoji-la above Baltal. At any rate, the range of Kantal represents a water-parting of the greatest importance, for on it we find a lake, due north of Srinagar, which is the origin of a branch of the Sind, obviously the Sind of Sonamarg, flowing south, and the great Sind, flowing north, but immediately turning to the west and south. On the lake is written : 'Source du Sind'. Thus the source of the Indus is given as only twice as far from Srinagar as Baramola. And that it is really the great Indus itself appears from the fact that it flows direct to Attock. Unfortunately the Kishen Ganga joins it above Attock.

Not less curious is the representation of Satlej, which is smaller and shorter

than its neighbour the Chenab. The legend : Source du Setledje is placed S.E. of Srinagar at about twice the distance to Baramola. It is quite natural that the river here does not come from a lake, for the Manasarovar and Rakas-tal were, since the survey of the Lamas, occupied by the Ganges.

On the north and N.E. Kashmir is, according to Forster, bordered by the mountains of Tibet. 2 He regards them as a branch of the immense range which begins at the Black Sea, runs through Armenia and along the south coast of the Caspian Sea and stretches through the provinces N.E. of Persia all the way to Tibet and China.

I Voyage du Bengale a Pétersbourg, etc. 'I'ransl. by L. LANGLÈS. Paris 1802. I.ANGLÈS has added some notes, which, for our regions, are without any importance. 2 Op. cit. Tome I. I'• 295.

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