THE SOUTHERN SHORE OF LAKE MANASAROVAR. 15 5
with and at about 1 oo m. from the shore line. To this bend it is forced by the wall which here as well as along the northern shore follows the edge of the lake. At Camp 2I5 the wall was 4.12 m. high. Finally it is broken through where the river goes out into the lake. The valley of Tage-tsangpo comes from S. 88° E. and is well marked, although situated between rather low hills.
Farther south-westwards from Camp 2 15 the hills recede leaving the shore more open than before. The long narrow lagoons are like those along the northern shore. They are some 15 m. across and separated from the lake by a neck only I m. broad. The neck consists of sand and mud. These lagoons are to be found only where the shore slopes down very gradually. The neck is formed by the action of the waves and inside it the water is dammed and forms the lagoon. They will have to follow the rise and fall of the lake. Only at periods when the lake is unusually filled will they probably disappear altogether. Outside of them the bottom of the lake is covered with gravel and sand. Inside of the lagoons a line of dead alga proves that the lake has been falling during the last few years.
Not far S.W. of Tage-tsangpo the rivulet Nima-pendö enters the lake and forms a very regular and typical delta. Just after having pierced the beach wall the river divides in several branches, separated from each other by mud banks. Outside of the delta is a natural pier, broken through at six places. These passages are only about I m. broad and 2 dm. deep. Above the delta the river has very well marked and perpendicular fluvial terraces about I m. high. There are a few miniature sand dunes and comparatively good grass. The beach wall along the shore is 4 m. high. The river comes out from between low hills, where, on the right side of the valley, can be seen a terrace some 15 m. high and visible only towards the lake, but not up in the valley. Nima-pendö had, on August 2nd, 1907, a breadth of i i nt, an average depth of 0.163 m., an average velocity of 0.790 m. and a volume of I.42 cub. m.
Farther south-westwards the hills, undulating, low, and yellowish, recede more and more from the shore. Between them the rivulet Richung-chu issues with 1.80 cub. m. of water. At Jango-gompa, which is situated on the same shore terrace as Tugu-gompa, the rivulet Richen-chu runs out into the lake, with almost the same dimensions as Richung. Hardly a kilometer from the shore, the Richen divides into three or four branches streaming over a very flat slope of gravel. At a narrow place the river had a breadth of 4.05 m., an average depth of 0.29 m., an average velocity of 1.5 m., and a volume of 1.76 cub. m., on August 5th. In the course of four hours, towards evening, the volume augmented considerably.
The western front corner of Jango-gompa was, on August 5th, 1907, exactly 4.5 m. above the surface of the Manasarovar. The façade is due east and west; the line at right angles from the west corner to the shore was 107.7 m; this line must in 1910 have been some 3o m. shorter.
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