THE SOURCE OF THE TSANGPO ACCORDING TO THE LAMA SURVEYORS AND D'AN VILLE. 219
nomment les Chinois, lesquels étendent ce nom à toute la chaîne de montagnes qui va à l'Occident; ou du moins dans le Pagode où ils s'arréterent, pour s'informer du cours du Gange qui sort à l'Occident de cette montagne, tandis que le Tsanpou, qu'ils ont suivi & mésuré, vient à l'Orient vers Lasa.» I From this, one gets the impression that du Halde believed that the Ganges (i. e. Satlej) came from the Kentaisse, and that such is also the case with the Tsangpo, although the latter river takes the opposite direction, towards Lhasa.
This is the more curious as D'ANVILLE's maps from April 1733 are published in du Halde's work, and d'Anville's maps are, both regarding the source of the Satlej (his Ganges) and of the Tsangpo, and from a point of view of hydrographical truth, by far the best I have ever seen before Ryder's map. On these maps (Vol. I, Pl. LI, and Vol. III, Pi. I) the topographical detail is, of course , very wrong; I only refer to the hydrography. The Lama surveyors and d'Anville, who has been their cartographical interpreter to us, knew that the Tsangpo originates from the Himalayas in the south and that Maryum-chu is only one of its first tributaries. This is the chief point of the hydrographical problem. So, if we only pay our attention to the three rivers which constitute the upper Tsangpo, the Maryum-chu is a priori not to be taken into account. The Maryum-chu joins the Chema-yundung before it reaches the confluence with the Tsangpo. This is also clearly to be seen on d'Anville's map, although the river, which must be the Chema-yundung has no name there.
The principal river ought of course to be the one called Yarou Dsancpou or Tsanpou R. But here d'Anville must have misunderstood the information of the Lama surveyors or mixed up their observations. Or the Lamas must have made a topographical mistake, believing that the Chema-yundung, which they may have touched once in its lower course and once in its upper, was two different rivers. In its lower course they saw it was joined by the Maryum-chu, and in the upper that it was formed by several small source-branches from the southern mountains and particularly those parts of them which are situated immediately east of Lanchenkabab. So they made this upper part of the real Chema-yundung join the Kubitsangpo far too high up. But the fact that the name Yarou Dsancpou has been placed along this mutilated Chema-yundung branch is certainly simply a slip of d'Anville's pen unless he had never heard that his MM. Tamtchouc or the Tibetan Tamchok-kabab or the »source of the horse-river-», was regarded by the natives and Chinese as the real source of the Brahmaputra.
On both d'Anville's maps M. Cocoon Kentchian is placed immediately near the MM. Tamtchouc, in such a way that the latter must be a part of the former, as it no doubt is in reality, both from Tibetan and Chinese points of view. Singi-kabab and Langchen-kabab are not greater mountains than Tamchok-kabab. This does not exclude the possibility of the existence of a mountain massive
IIIFカラー高解像度
