HAMILTON, GERARD, AND FRASER. 223
they make the Brahmapootra rise S.E. of Conghe Lake, which the Koonawurees call Koongeoo or Goongeoo; there must, however, be many heads to this river; so I look upon the accounts of the Lamas as pretty correct. Gerard corroborates the accounts received by Mr. FRASER regarding the Indus and Brahmaputra; ->the name of the ridge whence the eastern branch of the latter issues, is called (by Gerard's informants) "Murgeoolma, which is said to be a prolongation of Kylas. He further adds: >.Tieffenthaler says the Sanpoo or Brahmapootra, issues from Mansurowur, which accords with the western branch; and I may here add, that the natives, speaking generally, say the sources of the above three rivers and also of the Gogra, are at Mansurowur; by which nothing more is meant than in the vicinity of that place. The direct road from Mapang to Lahassa, situate fifty days journey to the S.E., lies along the bank of the Tamjoo, which is here called Erechumboo, and is said to be almost plain and practicable by horsemen at full speed in most places.,
This description is rather good as being based only on information. For indeed the principal stream, Kubi-tsangpo, rises S.E. of the Manasarovar, and there are other feeders from the country east of the Manasarovar: Chema-yundung and Maryum-chu. The eastern branch of the Brahmaputra, the Alaryum-chu, was said to rise from Murgeoolma, i. e. Maryum-la. He says his information agrees with the accounts of the Lamas who made the Brahmaputra start from the Kailas. And, for the western(?) branch it agrees with Tieffenthaler, who made the river start from the Manasarovar. Then he adds: the natives say the rivers begin from the Manasarovar, by which they mean the vicinity of the place. But as a matter of fact the Lamas have not made a single one of the sources of the Tsangpo rise from the Kailas; Tieffenthaler's view does not accord with any real fact, and as far as the present natives are concerned, I never heard them say that any other river than the Satlej issued from the lake. In the essential point Gerard is right, namely, that several streams feed the upper Tsangpo and that the principal of them is S.E. of the lake.
RITTER is quite sure that the Tsangpo is the same river as the Brahmaputra. I
Ritter's opinion is only an extract from all that was known in his days, and he has chiefly used the missionaries and Chinese authors. He, of course, finds the truth, saying the great Tsangpo, otherwise called Tamja Kampa or Tamjok, has its source in the animal mountain Tamtsiogh, in which we find a new proof that d'Anville, only by mistake, placed the name Yarou Tsanpou at the Chema-yundung
I Die Erdkunde von Asien, Band III, Berlin 1834, p. 214. Speaking of the western parts of Himalaya and Transhimalaya Ritter says: »Zwischen diesen Nord- und Süd-Ketten, im aüssersten westlichen Dzang, hat nun in jenem Tier-Berge (Tamtsiogh u. s. w.) der Yaru Dzang bo tsiu, das ist der grosse Strom Dzang bo, der Hauptstrom von Tübet seine Quelle; er strömt von da gegen O und SO durch ganz Tübet. Dies ist derselbe grosse Fluss, der von den Anwohnern der Westseite des Kailasa, an den heiligen Doppel-Seen, den Namen Tamja Kampa erhielt, welcher durch Ussang (d. i. Oui-Tsang, oder Wei-Dzang, Ober-Tübet) strömt, derselbe welcher von andern Tamjok genannt wurde. Op. cit. p. 219.
IIIFカラー高解像度
