国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

c'Y   72 THE LAKES AND THEIR SURROUNDINGS BEFORE THE JOURNF,VS OF THE STRACHEYS.

name attached to any mountain or range in this region. In any case, and even under the form it has got on Klaproth's map, the name corresponds to the two other kababs, namely, those of Satlej and Brahmaputra.

To his map of Himalaya, published in 1835 by Justus Perthes in Gotha, Dr. HEINRICH BERGHAI%S chiefly used the material of Webb, Hodgson and Herbert, but also that of Fraser, Moorcroft, Hearsay, Gerard, Traill, Mundy, Skinner, Archer, and Johnson.   So far as our lakes are concerned we recognise Moor-
croft's map entirely. Under the title of the map we find the following legend: ' Thirty five geogr. Miles S. E. of the lake Mapang, at the eastern foot of mount Langtsian lobai gangri, the source Djima Yungrun is situated, from which the Yaru Zzang bo tsiu, the great stream of Tiibet, takes its origin.» He has a place, Mansarowar, on the north shore of the lake of the same name. On a river entering the lake from N. E. we read the legend: Effluent of the Tschungka Lake; and on one from the S.E.: Effluent of the Gungiu Lake. The latter river occupies the place of Tage-tsangpo, Nvhich is the same confusion that Gerard made.

South of the lake is Mannak gangri, the Gurla-mandata, and south of it

"l 'ieffenthaler's Behroun Pass, and still farther south, N'gari Burang. The latter word is Purang. Both Behroun and Burang have a considerable resemblance with EDRISI's Berwan. 2

The great German cartographers as a rule published memoirs on their maps in the same way, though more detailed, as Rennell had done. In one such analysis Heinrich Bergbaus makes a comparison between Moorcroft and Hearsay, and Webb, and finds such a great coincidence between their maps for the regions within Himalaya, that Hearsay's map, in spite of his insufficient equipment with instruments, must be regarded as very reliable for the regions north of Himalaya as well.3

In another memoir, ZIMMER -IANN seems not to be persuaded by the hydro-graphical ground-lines as generally accepted in 1841. He represents the Indus as coming from a lake, and when he uses the expression >Ouell-Seen des Indus-», he probably means the Manasarovar and Rakas-ta1.4 In those days the importance of glaciers as feeders of the great Himalaya rivers was not yet understood. Zimmermann gives a much too great importance to the lakes. He says that just like many European rivers, several rivers in Asia, as the feeders of the Amu-darya, Indus, Chinab,

T Spezial. Karte von] Himalaya in Kumaon, Gurhwal, Sirmur &c. &c. — Reproduced as

PL IX.

2 On his map: Vorder-Indien oder das Indo-Britische Reich, N:o 44 b in Stieler's Hand-Atlas, 1834, Dr H. Berghaus has given the lakes a somewhat different form (Pl. XXII). On his great map of Central Asia: »Karte von China und Japan, der Manen d'Anville's und Klaproth's gewidmet», 1843,

in Berghaus' Atlas von Asia, the same distinguished cartographer has followed the representation on Klaproth's map of 1836, Vol. III, Pi. XIII.

3 Geographisches Memoir zu Erklärung und Erläuterung der Spezial-Karte vom Himalaya, Gotha. 1836, p. 42.

4 Geographische Analyse der Karte van Inner Asien von Carl Zimmermann, Berlin 1841,

p. I2I.