DIFFERENT VIEWS REGARDING THE SITUATION OF THE SOURCE. 237
Nain Sing's map, from which it was accepted on almost all European maps for some 40 years. 1
I The SCHLAGINTWEITS never proceeded so far as to the sources of the great river. But it may be interesting to remember the view of Hermann von Schlagintweit as expressed in his book Reisen in Indien und Hochasien, Band III Hochasien, II Tibet; zwischen der Himalaya- und der Karakorum-Kette, Jena 1872, p. 25. Like most other geographers he supposed that Nain Sing had reached the sources of the Brahmaputra, which he calls Dihông. And he regards the Maryum-la as situated on the watershed between the Dihông and Satlej-Indus, which is not the case. But he is right in saying: »Die Quellen des Dihông sind Gletscherbäche, die in grosser Mächtigkeit der Gletscher- und Firnregion auf der rechten Thalseite entströmen», a statement taken from Nain Sing. In another passage, ibidem p. 39, he shows how vague the idea was the great Pundit had given him: »Mittlere Höhe der Quellen, nämlich der verschiedenen Gletscherthore unterhalb des Maryum-la Passes.> — 15,200 feet. Of course the sources are not below the Maryum-la. Without knowing the real altitude of the source the calculation of the rate of fall for the whole river down to Sadia in Assam, or 13.9 feet for an English mile, could not be certain. He regards the Dihông, a name which he uses the whole way up to Maryum-la, as a tributary to the Brahmaputra. But he also relates the Tibetan names, ibidem p. 4 : »Im östlichen Tibet selbst heisst er Tachög-Khabab = 'Herabgestiegen aus dem Munde des edlen Pferdes'; Tsangbochû = 'Das reine (heilige) Wasser' ist der in Tibet noch allgemeiner gebrauchte Name; für den oberen Theil wird meist Yarn = 'der obere', beigefügt. Auf der Karte der Pandits findet sich noch Macha Tsangpo (oder Machang Sangpo, wie sie, vorn Tibetischen abweichend, schreiben) und Näri Tsangpo. Macha Tsangpo = der 'Pfauen Fluss'.» But here he seems to have confused the Map-chu or Karnali with the Martsang-tsangpo. On the general map of his and his brothers' routes, the uppermost part of the Tsangpo is better than in his quoted text. But this map was published in 1861 and the source region had not yet been spoilt by Nain Sing. The Lamas and d'Anville were the only authorities. — Speaking of the four kababs or vomitories WILFRED L. HEELEY says of the Yaro-tsangpo: »No European eye has seen the head waters of the latter river, which flows from gigantic glaciers south of the Maryam La Pass, fixed by Major Montgomerie's Pandit at 15,500 feet high.» The Calcutta Review Vol. LIX. Calcutta 1874, p. 146. — In 1867 Abbé DESGODINS wrote as follows: »Le Brama-poutre prend sa source dans les Hymalayas, entre la chaîne des neiges perpétuelles et celle qui lui est parallèle au sud, et se prolonge jusqu'à l'extrémité est d'Assam; il prendrait ainsi sa source principale dans la Boutan, traverserait la tribu sauvage des Slo, que les Anglais appellent Abords, puis celle des Mahongs qu'ils nomment Michemis et enfin Assam ...» La Mission du Thibet de 1855 à 187o . . . D'après les lettres de M. l'abbé Desgodins, Paris 1872, p. 151. Much of his geography is simply taken from Lavallée and Malte-Brun.
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