4.84 cub. m. a second, on August 19th. But the following day only 1,76 cub. m left the lagoon in the little brook which pierces the gravel wall near the shore. This depends of course partly on evaporation from the lagoon, partly on the fact that a considerable volume reaches the lake in the form of springs under the present level of the Manasarovar. The effluent is perfectly clear, as the material brought down by the feeders is left in the lagoon. Therefore no piers or sandy necks and capes are formed at the mouth of this effluent, which, on the other hand, is the case where the Samo-tsangpo enters the lake.
Between Camps 2 20 and 221 the shore of the Manasarovar is very regular and hard. At the edge there is a lagoon the whole way, only 2 or 3 m. broad and separated from the lake by a very narrow neck of mud. At Camp 221 there is, inside of this uninterrupted shore-lagoon, a belt of mud 164 m. broad. Then follows the gravel wall, 2.5 m. high. At its foot, and 1.25 m. above the surface of the lake is a mani, the flat stones of which seem to have been worn for some considerable time. This nzani must be under water during years when a considerable effluent leaves the lake. Inside, or north of the gravel wall, there is a dry depression, parallel with the shore; its bottom was nearly at the same level as the surface of the lake.
The distance between the northern shore of the Manasarovar and Pundi-gompa on the first mountain-spur is 81/2 km. The rise to the foot of the mountains is extremely slow and can hardly be noticed without instruments. The grass is very abundant and of unusually good quality, as the ground is sand, and the level of the underground water is near. Sometimes it is even visible as open pools. The western lagoon is close to the east of this track, which crosses the Lungnak brook, a watercourse that seems to be fed chiefly from springs. Animal life is represented by hares, falks, ravens and kyangs. As soon as the rise to the foot of the mountains becomes more considerable, small »vegetation cones» and steppe plants appear instead of the grass. Finally the gravel scree is reached and a very steep road leads up to Pundi-gompa at a height of 4872 m. (15,98o feet). The rock in situ consists of sandstone, conglomerate, a sandstone breccia and quartz-conglomerate in 59° S. 50° \V., — although not quite clear.
The track from Pundi to Camp 2221 or 11.3 km. due south-west, crosses a region of nearly the same character as the line just described : gravel, steppe and grass-plain. Round or oblong pools, about 20 m. across, are more numerous. The Lungnak brook is again crossed. Langbo-nan-gompa is situated on the right, or western bank of Gyuma-chu, which, on August 2 I st, 1907, carried a volume of 2.09 cub. m. at a breadth of 16.5 m. Where this river reaches the lake it has formed a typical delta, though of very small dimensions. There are several lagoons between the different branches, and outside of the delta is a rampart of mud. Very likely this delta becomes visible only when the surface of the lake is falling as in 1907. When the Manasarovar sends an effluent to Rakas-tal, as in 1909 and 191o,
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