国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

KLAPROTI-I's EXCELLENT MAPS OF SOUTII-WESTERN TIBET.   7I

placed, as by 1loorcroft, on a wrong river. The joint Satlej breaks below Koungloung through the eastern part of the mountain ring, and continues beyond it under the name of Langtsing-khampa. Thouling (Totling) is placed at some distance south of the river, as on Moorcroft's map, and Tchebreng (Tsaparang or Chabrang) has no more been placed on the river, than it was on the Lamas' map.

The name Kailas is missing on the map. The source of the Indus is placed due north of Rakas-tal, and so far correct, that it is separated from the Satlej lakes by a mountain range, the northern part of the ellipse, and from the eastern drainage by a more or less meridional water-parting. This branch of the Indus he calls Riviere Seimzheing-khampa, and correctly regards it as the main branch, and real source of the Indus, a fact that was doubted by much later geographers.

On his great map of 18:36 ` Klaproth has macle some alterations in the hydrography, and very considerable improvements in the orography. The mountain ranges are much less dependent on the drainage areas than on the sketch of 1820. The Tibetan names of the Inclus and Satlej are improved to Singhe tchou and Langtchou; the lakes are called Mapham mtso or, in Sanscrit, Manas Sarowar, and Lang mtso, Langga, or Rawan head.2 As to the drainage area of the Manasarovar, Klaproth now seems to return to d'Anville's Lama map, (Vol. I, Pl. LI), with which at least the eastern affluents have an unmistakable resemblance. The source of the Satlej is marked in accordance with the Chinese and d'Anville, and called M. Langtsian kabab ghang ri, for Lantchia Kepou, as d'Anville has it. From this mountain, at the present day called Ganglung-gangri, the Satlej goes down to Gunchu-tso and farther north-west-wards to the Manasarovar, at the very place where in reality the Tage-tsangpo is situated. East of the source of the Satlej is M. Tamtsiogh kabab ghang, or the source of Tamchok-kamba, the Tsang-po or Brahmaputra, which we shall have to deal with separately.

Regarding the small rivulets entering the Manasarovar from N. E., the nameless one coming from a little lake is undoubtedly Samo-tsangpo, as may he deduced from Pl. LI (Vol. I). D'Anville's L. Conghé is, namely, identical with Klaproth's

L. Goungd.3 Matchoung and Dzie mai tchou occupy the valleys of what we know as Pachung and Pachen.

Though M. Tise, Tese Ghang, Ti se ri, or Kai( las'a is now entered, the mountain wall, which on the sketch of 1820 separated the basin of the Indus from that of the Satlej lakes, has disappeared, at least there is an interruption just above the source of the Indus. M. Sengghe kabab ghang ri is so far wrong that Singi-Kabab only means and indicates the source of the Indus. I never heard this

I Carte de l'Asie Centrale dressée d'après les Cartes levées par ordre de l'Empereur Khian Loung, par les Missionaires de Peking, et d'après un grand nombre de notions extraites et traduites de livres chinois par M. Jules Klaproth. Paris 1836. (4 sheet, scale i : 2,600,000). — D. 8 62o in the Royal Library of Berlin.

2 Obviously misprint for hrad.

3 Misprint for Gounge'

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