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『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

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68 THE LAKES AND THEIR SURROUNDINGS BEFORE THE JOURNEYS OF THE STRACHEY,;.

From the same year, 1833, is GRIMM'S map of the Himalaya of Beshahr, Garhwal and Kumaun,' of which 1 have a part reproduced on Pl. VI. Tie hydrography of this map is almost entirely taken from Moorcroft, (Pl. III). There are only two important features which are not from Moorcroft. From the S.E. a river enters the Mapang or Manas-sarowar, corresponding to the Tage-tsangpo or uppermost Satlej. But there is no Samo-tsangpo, so the connection with Gunchu-tso, as misunderstood by Gerard, has not been accepted on the map. The difficulty caused by the fact that Moorcroft had not been able to find any kind of connecting channel between the two lakes is overcome by Ritter and Grimm in marking with a dotted line a channel across the southernmost part of the neck of land between the lakes. Here we read the very interesting legend: »beide Seen verbunden durch einen period. Flusslauf», which shows, clearly enough, that Ritter understood the physical necessity of an effluent, the existence of which had more than once been affirmed from native information. As Moorcroft had not found it in the northern part of the neck, it must be situated in the southern, where Moorcroft had never been.2

The brook Crishna, corresponding to my Sölung-urdu, is separated from Mamjo Kampa3 by a pass, Ghati Behroun, for which Tieffenthaler is responsible.

As to the source of the Inclus, Moorcroft had wisely written: -\Supposed source of the Indus Rr.» at the origin of the Gartok branch, which Ritter has translated in the more positive form: Indus-Quellen. The N.E. branch he calls Singzing-Kampa, in accordance with Gerard (Pl. IV).

The lakes are situated between two very solid and powerful ranges running N.V. to S.E. Cailasa Peak is shown as rising from the range which Moorcroft calls Cailås, and Gerard, Kylas. S.E. of Kailas there is a Kentais-se or Gangdisri Mountain. Darchan is, as on some other maps, also called Gangari.4

In 1834 Ritter points out the fact that all that was known about Tibet was brought from Chinese sources and missionaries who had no gift of observation, although, if he had known the manuscripts of Desideri and Beligatti, he would have changed his opinion. Even using all the material in existence, he finds that the result of a discussion becomes like a dream in the darkness which disappears, and so it had to be until some really well prepared naturalists crossed the country in different directions, of which, so far, he did not know a single example.5

I Das Himalaya Gebirg in Bissahir, Gherwal & Kernaun, voin Siidrande des Plateaus von Mittel'l'ibet bis zum Tieflande von Hindostan. Mit besonderer Rücksicht auf Carl Ritter's Allgemeine Erdkunde II. Buch, Th. 2., S. 493, auch s. 66o ff. entworfen und bearbeitet von J. L. Grimm, herausgegeben von C. Ritter und F. A. O'Etzel. Berlin, 1833. Scale: 1 : 900,000.

From Moorcroft's narrative it is obvious that he never went to the southern part of the neck. "I'he legend : »Mr Moorcroft's Route on the 6th August to examine if this I.ake had any communication with Rävan Hrad and found none>, is therefore put on a wrong place on Moorcroft's map, Pl. III.

3 Mapchu-kamba.

4 Four years later Ritter observes that both the map of Grimm and Klaproth's map of Central Asia leave very much to be desired, and that both in some respects had been completed by Burnes' map. Asien, Bd V, p. 39o. Berlin 1837.

5 Ritter, Asien, Bd III, p. 172.