国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

THE »GAZETTEER MAP OF KUMAUN AND HUNDES».   i i r

By the order of Colonel J. T. Walker, Mr. G. W. E. ATKINSON prepared, in 1875, a very good Gazetteer Map of Kuraun and Hundes, Pl. XV.' The lakes are here better than in any other map of the time, although the islands in Rakas-tai are missing. This lake is called in Tibetan, Long Cho, and the sacred lake Chomapang. Five of the eight monasteries are entered, and called Jiu, Gozul, Thui, Sarlung and Jhankeb. The river Rilchen Chin of the map is my Ri-chung-chu, the Nek Chin is Nima-pendi, the Tak Chin is Tage-tsangpo, the Some Chu is Samo-tsangpo or Sarno-chu, the Bhachong Chin is Pachung-chu. Thus almost all the really existing rivers are very correctly laid out, which is the result of the Pundits in 1868. The route between Thok-jalung and the Manasarovar follows the valley of Pachung and crosses a pass called Sar-lung. As my route over Surnge-la follows a more easterly river, it is obvious that there are two parallel roads over the mountains in these regions. There is no connection between the two lakes, for there was none at the time of the visit of the Pundits. But still the Satlej is shown as issuing from the Rakas-tai, for we have seen that Nain Sing in r 866 had represented it so; however, it must have been a mistake.2

Tibet from recent surveys, and based upon the Trig. Sur. oÇ India & by John Walker. Other material was found in Gerard's, Lloyd's, Moorcroft's, and Hearsay's accounts, as well as from Strachey and Schlagintweit. Pl. XIV is a reproduction of the eastern part of Hanemann's map.

The three feeders of the Indus are marked out as they have since remained on all European maps, until I visited the region round the source of the principal branch. This, the north-eastern branch, is on Hanemann's map correctly called Indus, Singh-gi-tschu, Singh-gi-khamba or Singh-gikha. The part of it, above Ischiatschan (Jiachan), the uppermost point of the Pundit of 1867, is also called Singh-gi-khamba and shown by a dotted line, in the district of Singh-tod. This dotted line cannot be expected to be anything but incorrect and the source is placed on the eastern slopes of the Kailas Parbat, Gang-ri or Garingbotsché, where we even read the word: Indusquelle. Below Dschiatschan we find the very sharply drawn range, the highest summit of which is Aling-Gangri. On and along it are the two names Bong-thol and Singhmet. Between this branch of the Indus and the Lang-tschu (»Grosser Strom») are two ,Low ranges», crossed by the route of the Pundits. In a following part of this work I shall have to return to them and to compare my results with those of the Pundits. Between Lang-tschu and Gartung-tschu is a range, starting from the Kailas and running north-west. On its first half, from Kailas, we read: »Sehr hohe schneebedeckte Kette», on the latter half: »Ziemlich niedrig, wenig Schnee». The region round the sources of the Satlej is taken from Strachey, the Pundits and Moorcroft. There is no channel between the two lakes, but the lower half of it, the western, is marked out as a little rivulet to Rakas-tal. From Rakas-tal the Satlej goes out, and this is regarded as the source branch of the river, carrying the name Satledsch, which is correct, regarding the situation of the valley, the Satlej of Guge being in a straight line with the valley of the river of the lake, whereas Darma Yankti enters the Satlej at right angles. The routes of Moorcroft and Hearsay, A. Gerard, the Stracheys and the Schlagintweits and finally the Pundits of 1865-67 are all en-

tered which adds immensely to the value of this map. — In an article, »Le Tibet», Vivien de Saint-Martin reviews the results of the journey of Montgomerie's Pundits 1865-67. Of the western regions and the surroundings of Manasarovar he says: »Toute cette région du Tibet, où sont les sources de toutes les grandes rivières de l'Inde, le Brahmaputra, le Sindh, le Satledj, la Yamounâ et le Gange, est un plateau montagneux de 4 à 5,000 mètres d'élévation au-dessus du niveau de la mer.» L'année géographique. Revue annuelle des voyages etc. Septième année (1868), Paris 1869, p. 119.

I In Edwin T. Atkinson's: The Himalayan Districts of the North-Western Provinces of India, 1882-86.

2 On the maps in Richthofen's China, I, Berlin 1877, there is the channel from the Manasarovar

to Rakas-tai and the Satlej issuing from the latter.