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| 0052 |
Innermost Asia : vol.1 |
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Bārāmūla, the ancient western 'Gate' of the kingdom, has, for the two marches leading to the capital, on his 'left the mountains of Bolor and Shamīlān'. The latter local name can, it is true, no longer be traced. But there can be no doubt whatsoever that it was applied by Albērūnī's informants to the mountains south of Chilās and probably also Astōr; for in a preceding passage he speaks of the rivers Kusnārī and Mahwī as coming from the 'mountains of Shamīlān', and the identity of these rivers with the Kunhār and Kishangangā has been demonstrated by me.⁵ As regards the much-discussed term Bolor, it is certain that it primarily included the whole mountain region drained by the river of Gilgit.⁶ Its application, which is certainly vague wherever we meet it, may well have also extended as far east as Skardo or Baltistān. But in that sense, too, its use here by Albērūnī's informants was perfectly justified, since the chain of great mountains which attracts the eye of the traveller on his left as he moves up the Kashmir valley towards Srinagar, its capital in Albērūnī's time just as now, prominently includes the big ice-girt massif of Mount Haramukh and other high snowy peaks that could be more accurately described as lying south of Skardo than of Gilgit.
Albērūnī's
Bhatta-
varyān and
Bhatta-
Shāh.
An interesting question is raised by the terms Bhattavaryān and Bhatta-Shāh which Albērūnī's information records as the names of the tribes inhabiting these mountains of Bolor and Shamīlān and of their ruler, respectively. When previously discussing these names I suggested that 'Albērūnī's Bhatta may possibly represent the term Bhuṭṭa or Bhauṭṭa (the modern Ks. Buᵉ) which is applied in the Sanskrit Chronicles [of Kashmīr] to the population of Tibetan descent generally, from Ladākh to Baltistān'.⁷ This view may be supported by the fact that the Baltī people inhabiting what is now known as Baltistān or Skardo are certainly Tibetan in stock as well as in language,⁸ and that the application to them by Albērūnī's informants of the designation Bhuṭṭa or Bhauṭṭa would have been fully justified.⁹ But it deserves to be pointed out that in Chilās an important section of the population, supposed to represent the original branch of Shīnā, i. e. pure 'Dard', settlers, are known as 'Bots'.¹⁰ Drew states that the people of Chilās 'are
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