National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books
|
|
Color Thumbnail -
Table of Contents -
Page Number -
Biliographic Information (Metadata) -
Caption -
Color Image -
Gray HighRes. Image -
Facing Pages -
Graphics -
| 0512 |
Innermost Asia : vol.1 |
Citation Information
OCR Text
the great gravel-covered peneplain already referred to above in connexion with the Hsi-wan-ho.¹³
On the east the divide from the Su-chou river lies mainly on two similar saddle-like peneplains,
one to the west of the Chia-yü-kuan defile (Map No. 43. A .1), and the other crossed by Lāl Singh's
and my own routes from Ko-ta-ch'üan-tzŭ to Su-chou (Map No. 42. A, B. 4), but otherwise un-
surveyed.
Transverse A very peculiar feature of the drainageless area thus circumscribed is its division into two
range well-defined transverse portions by the rugged and comparatively high range which stretches
dividing
drainageless from the close vicinity of Chia-yü-kuan with an approximate north-westerly bearing towards
area. Ch'ih-chin-sê. General orographical considerations make me inclined to recognize in this range
the westernmost extension of the Ala-shan system which winds round the northern confines of
Kan-su. But without geological evidence this view can be put forward only as a conjecture. The
range is cut through by the river of Ch'ih-chin and the Po-yang-ho, the head-waters of which in the
Nan-shan we were able partially to survey in 1907.¹⁴ There is reason to believe that the gorges
in which they make their way through the range resemble in character those in which the rivers
of Su-chou and Kan-chou break through the lower hill chain eastwards before uniting near Mao-mei
to form the Etsin-gol.
The southern of the two previously mentioned portions of the Hua-hai-tzŭ drainage area for
the most part consists of a wide open plateau resembling that which extends along the foot of the
Nan-shan from Su-chou to Kan-chou, but distinctly more arid. The range stretching from Ch'ia-yü-
kuan to Ch'ih-chin-sê (for which no general name was ascertainable by us) is utterly barren. What
water is brought down by the streams from the outermost Nan-shan is soon lost at its foot. Judging
from the observations I was able to make on my passage along this plateau in July and again
in September, 1907, the few little oases found there depend for their irrigation mainly, if not solely,
on subterranean drainage from the Nan-shan breaking out in springs.
Oasis The water thus gathered on the plateau reappears in small streams on the line followed by the
dependent
on irriga- high road from Su-chou to Yü-mên-hsien. Yet it is practically certain that none of it reaches the
tion from
springs. depression to the north of the range except as subsoil moisture. Only at times of exceptional
floods is it likely that the beds of the Ch'ih-chin river and the Po-yang-ho carry any surface flow
to the northern foot of the range. Beyond this the Po-yang-ho course becomes altogether lost ;¹⁵
that of the Ch'ih-chin river ordinarily carries only such water as is derived from springs which rise
in the bed some distance to the south-west of the Hua-hai-tzŭ oasis.¹⁶ This water and that of other
springs which issue at Hsiao-ch'üan-tzŭ farther north, at the edge of the gravel Sai, account for
the cultivation of the small area, measuring about four miles from south to north and three miles
across, comprised in the Hua-hai-tzŭ oasis. Thus the hydrographic conditions that here prevail
closely resemble those of the small oases to be found below the gravel glacis of the K'un-lun to the
east of Khotan.¹⁷
Cultivable The ground at present capable of cultivation represents but a small portion of the area over
area at
Hua-hai- which the Ch'ih-chin river at an earlier period has deposited fertile alluvium ; for both to the north
tzŭ small. and south our surveys showed stretches of ground where the same soil of alluvial loess, unprotected
by vegetation, is undergoing wind-erosion into regular Yārdangs. Indeed, on our march eastwards,
1
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
11
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
21
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
31
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
41
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
51
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
61
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
73
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
85
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
97
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
107
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
118
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
129
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
139
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
150
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
161
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
173
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
183
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
193
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
203
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
213
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
223
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
233
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
243
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
255
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
265
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
277
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
288
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
298
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
308
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
318
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
329
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
339
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
349
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
359
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
369
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
379
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
389
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
399
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
411
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
421
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
432
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
443
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
453
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
463
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
473
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
483
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
494
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
504
.
.
.
.
510
511
512
513
514
515
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
525
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
536
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
546
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
556
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
566
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
577
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
587
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
597
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
607
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
617
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
627
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
637
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
647
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
657
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
667
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
677
.
.
.
.
|
.
684
Copyright (C) 2003-2026
National Institute of Informatics
and
The Toyo Bunko. All Rights Reserved.
