Peking to Lhasa : vol.1 / Page 321 (Color Image)

0321	Peking to Lhasa : vol.1

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Their ruined towers may be seen nearly up to

Yakalo. Two or three centuries ago they ex-

tended their conquests beyond Yakalo up to

Garthok, Batang and Litiang, but none are now

found north of Yakalo.

The wild lawless tribes south of Litiang are

the Hsiang-ch'eng (Tibetan Sia-chera-wa). They

have their headquarters farther south at Sang-pi-

Ling on the Lamaya River. The tribes who hold

up the road north of Batang to Kanze are the

Leng-ka-shi. They are under a Lama. North

of the Tibetan frontier, which is some 10 miles

south of Sama, the country is peaceful.

Chinese soldiers did not venture more than

a dozen miles north of Batang. There were no

Chinese soldiers west of Pa-mu-t'ang on the

Batang-Yakalo road. The Batang garrison was

about three hundred strong. Of these one hundred

were employed on the road east towards Litiang,

some twenty at Batang, and the rest were scattered

along the road south and south-west up to Pa-

mu-t'ang (Bum). But these soldiers could effect

very little, and the Nanka (Lanka) Lama's bands

were raiding across the Yangtze. The Gunka

Lama had again recently come to terms with the

Chinese and was practically independent at Tsong-

su (Chung-ai). The official at Garthok, the Mark-

ham Ti-j ei, had twice sent his soldiers across the

frontier. About a fortnight previously fifteen

Tibetan soldiers came to Yakalo and greatly

alarmed the people, as they did some looting.

The magistrate suggested to Pereira that he

should ask the Garthok official to stop sending

men over the border. There was a band of twenty

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