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| The Book of Ser Marco Polo : vol.2 |
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Citation Information
144
MARCO POLO BOOK II.
southern bank that a traveller in that year says he expected that in two yea's it
would reach the northern bank.
The same change has des trove, l the Grand Canal as a navigable channel for many miles south of Lin-t'sing chau. (7. R. G. S. XXVIII. 294-295 ; Escayrac de Lauture, Mém. sur la Chine ; Cathay, p. 125 ; Reports of Journeys in China, etc. [by Consuls Alabaster, Oxenham, etc., Parl. Blue Book], 1869, pp. 4-5, 14 ; Mr. Elias in J. R. G. S. X L. p. i seal.)
[Since the exploration of the Hwang-Ho in 1868 by Mr. Ney Elias and by Mr. H. G. Hollingworth, an inspection of this river was made in 1889 and a report published in 1891 by the Dutch Engineers J. G. W. Fijnje van Salverda, Captain P. G. van Schermbeek and A. Visser, for the improvement of the Yellow River.--H. C.]
NOTE 3.—Coiganju will be noticed below. Caiju does not seem to be traceable, having probably been carried away by the changes in the river. But it would seem to have been at the mouth of the canal on the north side of the Hwang-Ho, and the name is the same as that given below (ch. lxxii.) to the town (Kwachau) occupying the corresponding position on the Kiang.
" Khatai," says Rashiduddin, " is bounded on one side by the country of 1\Iáchín, which the Chinese call MANZI. . . . In the Indian language Southern China is called Mahá-chín, i.e. ` Great China,' and hence we derive the word Machin. The Mongols call the same country Nan; iass. It is separated from Khatai by the river called KARAMORAN, which comes from the mountains of Tibet and Kashmir, and. which is never fordable. The capital of this kingdom is the city of Kliingsai, which is forty days' journey from Khanbalik." (Qual. Rashid., xci. -xciii. )
MANZI (or Mangi) is a name used for Southern China, or more properly for the territory which constituted the dominion of the Sung Dynasty at the time when the Mongols conquered Cathay or Northern China from the Kin, not only by Marco, but by Odoric and John Marignolli, as well as by the Persian writers, who, however, more commonly call it 111ácldn. I imagine that some confusion between the two words led to the appropriation of the latter name, also to Southern China. The term Man-tzu or Man-tze signifies " Barbarians" (" Sons of Barbarians "), and was applied, it is said, by the Northern Chinese to their neighbours on the south, whose civilisation was of later date.* The name is now specifically applied to a wild race on the banks of the Upper Kiang. But it retains its mediaeval application in Manchuria, where Mantszi is the name given to the Chinese immigrants, and in that use is said to date from the time of Kúblái. (Palladius in/ R. G. S. vol. xlii. p. 154.) And Mr. Moule has found the word, apparently used in Marco's exact sense, in a Chinese extract of the period, contained in the topography of the famous Lake of Hang-chau (infra, ch. lxxvi. -lxxvii. )
Though both Polo and Rashiduddin call the Karamoran the boundary between Cathay and Manzi, it was not so for any great distance. Ho-nan belonged essentially to Cathay.
CHAPTER LXV.
How THE GREAT KAAN CONQUERED THE PROVINCE OF MANZI.
You must know that there was a King and Sovereign
lord of the great territory of Manzi who was styled
* Magaillans says the Southerns, in return, called the Northerns Pe-tai, " Fools of the North " !
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