国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

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90   ANTIQUITIES OF INDIAN TIBET   [Vol,. II

measures, etc., to coincide with those of India, and appointed seven households of his subjects to wait always on each lama. The king [used to] sit in the middle, 34. and had silk streamers tied to the ends of his locks on the right and left. Then he made the clericals sit there, and had the excellent ones on his right and left

and [himself] in the middle, all sitting together.   During the time of this
king were conquered the mountains of Po-lon(L MS. : Po-lo)-San in the east, which look like a curtain of white silk, and which touch the frontiers of China. There a stone pillar was set up with an inscription, on which was carved : ` Downwards from here did I reign ! ' In the south as far as Blo-[bo] and Mon, India, Li, Za-hor, and the lake of the Gan-gá (Gangásagara) with its surface like a bowl of iron were subdued ; in the west Hbru-sal [Gilgit] on the Persian frontier and others were conquered ; and in the north all the provinces of Hor (Turkestan) were subdued. In the south he reigned over three or two princes of H dzam-bu-glin, and everywhere, on the frontiers as well as in the central district (Dbus), he erected 100 temples. Here ends the ` first spreading of the teaching '.

NOTES

This king is called Khri-lde-sroii-btsan-ral-pa-can in the Dpag-bsam-ljon-bzan •(p. 151), Thi-btsonglte-bdzan in the Bodhimör (op. cit., p. 358 : Waddell's identifications are quite uncertain). According to the Thangshu (op. cit., p. 341) this king was always ill, and the government was in the hands of his ministers. He is, however, mentioned again in the Rgyal-rabs under Tshe-dbaii-rnam-rgyal I, as a model king.

Geography.—The temple of Rgya-phibs-gyu-soon-can, the mountains of Po-lon-San, and the lake of the Gaiigá cannot yet be identified. [San usually represents in names of mountains the Chinese for mountain', and Gafigäságara is ordinarily the mouth of the Ganges.—F. W. T.] As regards Li, there were two countries of that name. The one which belongs to Turkestan is identified with Khotan by S. Ch. Das (see his Dictionary, p. 1140). The other is stated to have been situated close to Nepal. I suppose that it is Upper Kunawar, where an important village of that name still exists. Zahor (see above). The Tibetan province of Blo-bo has already been identified (p. 84). Mon may refer to settlements of ancient Indian immigrants in Tibet. Hbru-sal is Gilgit. The Ladakhis still call the town by its ancient name of Hbru-gal-gi-lid ; it is identical with Hbru-tsha, Hbru-za of Tibetan literature. One of the Indian states which were dependent on Tibet was probably Br hmápura, the ancient Chamba State, where an inscription by a Tibetan prince has been discovered by Dr. Vogel.

Literature.—Dhana§ila (Dänasila), the translator, is mentioned in the Bstan-hgyur as the translator of very many works. All the other translators are frequently mentioned in the Bstan-hgyur, for instance Jina-mitra, Silendra(Silendra)-bodhi, and Ye-ses-sde are mentioned in Bstan-hgyur, vol. K, 1, 7 as joint translators of the Dharmakciyásrayásámányaguna-stotra. This fact is the most certain proof of their being contemporaries. Ral-pa-can's own sástra I have not yet succeeded in tracing. According to S. Ch. Das, JASB., 1881, p. 230, under Ral-pa-can a first history of Tibet was written.

V. Glare-dar-ma's Persecution of Buddhism

(S MS.) Then, during the lifetime of the ruler Dar-ma-dbyig-dur-btsan (816-42 A.D.) four heretic Brahmans, in order to abolish the religious teaching—being unable to tolerate either the many Pandits who had been invited to Tibet by the ruler Ral-pa-can, or the offerings of golden writings, or the spread of Buddha's teaching over Tibet—prayed to be reborn in the bodies of four demons, bringing ruin upon Tibet. Then, having slain themselves, they achieved their end. The