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MINOR CHRONICLES : VIII. THE GENEALOGIES OF THE BALTI CHIEFS   191

La-dvags, the chief of that principality, which owns 5,000 soldiers, had in turns to bow

before Skar-rdo and before La-dvags, and out of regard to his near kinship (?) he was

not to such a degree under the Ladakhis, as are the Pu-rig chiefs.

NOTES

Queen Zi-zi was one of the wives of Ni-ma-ream-rgyal. She is probably identical with 'A-yum-khri-rgyal-om buried in the Muhammadan burial-ground at Hun-dar, Nub-ra. Steú-mkhar is not known to me ; but, as the name means Upper Castle, it may refer to the Leh Castle, the residence of the kings. It is quite probable that Queen Zi-zi had received a promise that her son would be heir to the throne of Ladakh.

(b) THE RAJAS OF KERIS (KYE-RIS) (Cunningham's Spelling)

1.  Biwan-cho.l

2.  Lëo.

3.  Raja Ali Mir Sher, c. 1570-1600 A.D.

4.  Ahmed Mir.

5.  Amir.

6.  Ali Khan, reigning in A.D. 1685.

7.  Mir-Beg.

8.  Mirza-Beg.

9.  Zulfikar Khan.

10. Kuram Ali Khan [reigning in 1846 A.D.].

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Cunningham remarks (p. 31) that the district of Keris (Kye-ris) is situated along the lower course of the Shayok, just above its junction with the Indus. It is about 16 miles in length, and 10 miles in mean breadth. Its area is not more than 160 square miles, and the mean height of its villages above the sea is about 8,000 feet. The present chief, Kuram-`Ali-Khán, gives the above genealogy of his family.

Regarding Cunningham's date (p .31) of 'Ali-Khan (1685) I must say that there exists little foundation for it. He seems to have based it on his date for the battle of Bab-sgo. But at the same time he seems to have forgotten that according to his own statement on p. 326 a certain 'Ali-Khan had nothing to do with the battle of Bab-sgo. He mentions him as a chief of Baltistan during the time of Bde-ldan's conquest of Baltistan.

A raja of Kye-ris (Kiris) is also mentioned by Miss Duncan (p. 276) and other modern travellers ; but personal names are not given. Kye-ris is claimed by the Gilgit Dards as one of their colonies (see ` The Eighteen Songs of the Bono-ná Festival ', No. vi, Ind. Ant., vol. xxxiv, 1905, pp. 93 sqq.).

(C) THE DMAG-DPONS OF PARBUDA (Cunningham's Spelling)

1.  Bokha.l

2.  Sher.

3.  Ghazi.

4.  Ali Sher Khan, c. 1570-1600 A.D.

5.  Ahmed Khan, c. 1600-1630.

6.  Sher Shah, c. 1630-1660.

7.  Azizcho, c. 1660-1690.

8.  Azim Khan, c. 1690-1720.

9.  Sahadat Khan, c. 1720-1750.

10. Abdul Rahim, c. 1750-1780.

11. Mahomed Ali, c. 1780-1810.

12. Ali Sher Khan, c. 1810-1840. Son, Jafar Ali Khan.

NOTES

Cunningham remarks (p. 31) that the present chiefdom of Parguta (Parkuda) extends from Sarmik (probably Gser-mig), 10 miles above the confluence of the Shayok and Indus, to Goltari, near the junction of the Dras river, thus including both Khartaksha (Mkhar-man) and Tolti (Rtal-ti ?). Its length is about 43 miles, its mean breadth 32 miles, and its area 1,548 square miles. The mean height of its villages above the sea is about 7,800 feet.

As correctly stated by Cunningham, `Ali-Sher-Khan conquered Ladakh and bequeathed his possessions to his son, Ahmad-Khan. But we must add that he did not do this as Duke of Parkuda, but as master of all Baltistan. The Rgyal-pos of Sbal-ti always selected their wives from the family of the dukes of Parkuda, as the most exalted of their neighbours.

Although a number of modern travellers have passed through Parkuda, none of them mention the names of recent chiefs. It is interesting that the old title of Dmag-dpon, ` leader of the army ' (duke, Herzog), has been preserved in this family. The title cho (Jo, ` prince ' or ` chief ') is also found after the name of one of the dukes.

1 Cunningham assigns dates, not given here, to all these rulers.