国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

96   S, 29 A .ANTIQUITIES OF INDIAN TIBET

[VOL. II

(or Nágas). As to th9 three lakes, the maps mention two lakes only, but there is a possibility that the Kailása counts as one and with the two lakes makes up three separate places. Dge-hdun-gyi-sde (place of the priesthood), the same as Dgon-sde, monastery. Sgrub-pa-mdzad-pa, those who exert themselves to obtain

Sgrub-pa (siddhi).

NOTES BY THE TRANSLATOR

The king's portrait (probably) as a young man is found at Alci, where he is represented together with his father. S MS. spells his name Bla-chen, etc. He was probably a lama. He is mentioned in the Máhátmya of the Li-kyir monastery, which in its present edition, however, dates from the eighteenth century.

His son was Lha-chen-'Utpala (c. 1080-1110 A.D.). In the time of this king the united forces of Upper Ladakh and Gsam (L MS. : Sam, Lower Ladakh) invaded Nun-ti. • The King of Nun-ti bound himself by oath, so long as [the glaciers of] Ti-se (Kailása) do not melt away, nor the lake Ma-pham (L MS. : Ma-ban, Manasarovar) dry up, to pay tribute or dues [to the King of Ladakh], viz. mdzos, iron, etc. This treaty has remained in force till this day. He also. subjected Blo-bo (L MS. : Lho-bo) [and the country] from Pu-hrads (L MS. : Pu-rails) downwards hither ; in the south the country of Bre-srad to [the lake] Chu-la-me-hbar ; in the west, from Ra-gan-hgredsid (L MS. : Ra-gan-hgred-zid) and Stag-khu-tshur upwards hither ; in the north, from Ka-sus (S MS. : Ka-brus-phan-chod) upwards. [They all] paid an annual tribute and attended the Darbár.

NOTES BY DR. K. MARX

the same as Kulű (Kulűta), present capital Sultánpur (ancient capital : Makrasha, Magarsa.—F.). The lake Ma-pham (Ma-baii) is the more easterly of the two famous lakes. Mdzo is the name of a well-known cross-breed between yak and cow. (There are no mdzos in Kulű ; but, as Lahul was apparently under Kulű in those days, the Lahulis may have been ordered by their Kulű masters to send their mdzos to Ladakh.—F.) Dpya, dues, is spelt dpya only in Jäschke's dictionary ; all the MSS. unanimously write spya. Zal-lta (lit. see [the king's] face) is the Tibetan expression for Darbár.

0

P.

NOTES BY THE TRANSLATOR

Gsam is the ordinary name of Lower Ladakh, extending from Sa-spo-la to Lama-yuru. Ti-se (Kailäsa) is possibly a development in the pronunciation of Khri-rtse (throne-summit), which may have been the original name of the mountains. Chu-la-me-hbar is still a famous place of pilgrimage on the frontier between Nepal and Tibet. It is probably identical with Chu-bar, near Nalam, the place where Milaraspa died. Stag and Khu-tshur are two villages in Baltistan, west of Skardo. Khu-tshur is situated on the Indus, and Stag is a side valley, branching off near Khu-tshur. The Dard name of Khu-tshur is apparently Gu-sur. Gu-sur is claimed by the Gilgit Dards as one of their colonies. (Compare my article ` The Eighteen Songs of the Bono-ná Festival ', song No. vi, Ind. Ant., vol. xxxiv.) The remaining names I cannot yet identify.

King 'Utpala's conquest of Kulű is not confirmed by the chronicles of Kulű ; but the Raja-tarafigini of Jonarája (v. 1108) is rather in favour of the statement. It says (in a somewhat obscure passage) that Zainu'l-`ábidin found Kulű in 1428 A.D. occupied by Tibetans. ` The Treaty with Kulű has remained in fo ce to the present day,' probably meaning that it remained in force to the reign of King Bde-ldan-rnam-rg'al, when the Biography of Sen-ge-rnam-rgyal was compiled. After the battle of Bab-sgo, 1647 A.D., the treaty with Kulű was apparently exchanged for a trade contract (see Minor Chronicles).

36.   His son was Lha-chen-Nag-lug (c. 1110-40 A.D.). This king built in the tiger-year

the palace at Wan-la and in the dragon-year Kha-la-rtse (L MS. : the castle of Kha-la-tse).