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388   ANIMAI, REMAINS FROM THE EXCAVATIONS AT ANAU.

of the ant-oblique valley (Owen) = ioo, and call this =a, and call the distance from the same point on the crown to the end of the anterior pillar = b, then

a : ioo = b : index.

By means of the data furnished by Frank and Wilckens, and this added method

of Tscherski, we are able to compile the following illustrative table, based on the dimensions of the teeth of the upper jaw.

Table of dental indices (in percentages).

It appears from the above table, as regards the length and width relation of the crown of the-molars, which according to Frank and Wilckens is so characteristic, that in all the compared horse teeth the length exceeds the width in premolars 2 and 3, and molars 3 and 2, and only equals the width in premolar 4 and molar I, or is shorter. Only on a skull from Yana River in Siberia do I find somewhat shorter teeth, in which the width is therefore relatively greater. This would be an indication that the horse of the Anau kurgan belonged to the Western race.

If, now, we compare the relations under Tscherski 's method and their results, we find that the highest value for the projecting of the internal lobule belongs to the Anau horse, the Siberian horse, Equus onager and Equus hemionus.

We have here in the especially demonstrative premolar 3 = I2I, premolar 4 = 128 and 129, molar i = 119 and 125, molar 2 = i 25 and 127.

Tscherski* calls the measurements belonging to the Tarpan " high," which in the sense of Frank 's method would assign this animal to the Oriental horse group. He mentions, however, that in an Arabian horse these measurements are I I J.7, 116.6, 117.6, 121.2, and 118.3; and in a horse from Dongola 116.6, 122.7, 122.5, 125, and 125, which correspond excellently with those of the Anau horse. Tscherski says further that the maximum figures for this projection are found in the broad-fronted races of fossils and recent Siberian horses. In the ass Tscherski foutd strong variations, and in the half-ass a series of proportions which also were similar

Premolar 2.

Premolar 3.

Premolar 4.

Molar I.

Molar 2.

Molar 3.

Index
length
to
width.

Index of projection of anterior lobe.

Index
length
to
width.

Index of projection of anterior lobe.

Index
length
to
width.

Index of projection of anterior lobe.

Index
length
to
width.

Index of projection of anterior lobe.

Index Index of pro-length jection to of an-width. terior lobe.

Index Index of pro-length jection to of an-width. terior lobe.

Provenience of
dental series.

Anau,Komorof tr'h 78.8

" - 24 feet   83.9

" -15 feet   ... .

Yana River    71.2

Western Siberia     6o.9

Tarpan, after

Tscherski.     6o.8

Equus hemionus    57.5

Equus przewalskii     5o. 2

Equus onager    69.8

83.3

84.0

84.4

88.8

75.8

83.0

82.5

I04 I00

119 I00

I04 I08

I00

125 I27

I22 I25

II2

123

123

115

I20

123

II.}

120

132

96.5

96.4

92.6

IIO I00

100

104.4

96.4

I28 129 I16 I22.2 I23

113

II2

115

88.8

I00

I07

109

I04

93

96.

110.5

106.3

104.5

105.8

105.0 I07.2

I00

87.5

Io6

94-4

93•I

96.2

85 2

93

121.0

126.1

123.5

109. I03

II5

119 I25

I20

123

III

I19 I19

*op. cit., p. 307.