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Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

THE BONES OF THE EXTREMITIES.   423

erect; in stenonis it still touches the small facet for the calcaneus. In Equus przewalskii and Equus pumpellii, on the other hand, this articulating surface reaches only half the distance between the points mentioned, and it appears indeed still smaller in some modern horses. In the horses of Solutré and the Kesslerloch this facet is still larger than in the domestic horse. In the Anau horse the anterior facet is relatively small, but always larger than that of Equus przewalskii Pol.

The absolute sizes of the naviculare, cuneiforme, and cuboideum are shown in the following table:

Table of dimensions (in millimeters).

* After Hescheler.   t After Major.

Tarsale distale tertium (cuneiforme).—Here my material is very limited. I have only one cuneiforme from Anau, and one of Equus przewalskii. Unfortunately the posterior edge of the Anau cuneiforme is so injured that we can say nothing in regard to the position and shape of the posterior articulation surface. Contrasting it with Equus przewalskii we notice the greater slenderness of the facet for the naviculare. The contraction before the forward facet of the cuboideum is much deeper than in the Przewalski horse. Likewise the lateral facets for the cuboideum and the cuneiforme I and II are much smaller and more elongated, owing to the uncommonly strong development of the surfaces of the ligamental attachment of the borders. The table indicates also that the Anau horse represents the type of high speed more than does Equus przewalskii.

Cuboideum.--Since the classic investigation of Rütimeyer and Major, the cuboideum is regarded as one of the most valuable and characteristic bones of the horse. According to Major, the cuboideum of the ass is quite different from that of the horse ; not only is it much more slender, but the posterior part is considerably thicker than the anterior; the same may be said in comparing the horse of Solutré and Equus stenonis with Equus caballus. The table on the following page shows clearly this relation.

We see that our horse of Anau is the smallest, and our specimen is a very old individual, as is evident from the attachment surfaces for muscles and sinews, which can not be said of Equus przewalskii. It seems to me, therefore, that this

41

43

48-50*

38

42

42-43*

46   38)

44   36)

46   37

49   39

50-53 39-44

62   45

Naviculare.

Cuneiforme.

Cuboideum.

Thickness of forward part.

Thick-
ness of
posterior
part.

Length. Width.

Length.

Width.

Length.

Anau   

Equus przewalskii   

Solutré   

Kesslerloch   

Westeregeln   

Cardamone (after Major)   

Equus stenonis (after Major)   

Ass (after Maior)   

Horse (after Major)   

15

16 2ot

22

245

17.5 Ió 15 22

31

31 38t

! .4.

40

l 43

~37 37 37.5

40.5

19

19 23t

25 23 25 25

2I

2I