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Explorations in Turkestan : Expedition of 1904 : vol.2 |
424
THE HORSE OF ANAU IN ITS VARIOUS RELATIONS.
56
17
9.5
6
31
Length of bone .. .
Longitudinal diameter of facet for metatar-
sus medius
Transverse diameter of same .. .
Longitudinal diameter of facet for metatar-
sus externus.
Transverse diameter of same
Width on smallest part
15 40
8 21.3
distinction from the ass, which Major thinks he has found, stands on a very weak foundation.
Proximal part of the cuboideum.—Major states that in Hipparion the forward part of the articulation surface is similar to the posterior part; that in Equus stenonis the narrowest place in the forward part is equal to the widest of the posterior part; that in the Quaternary horses the forward part has somewhat increased; that in recent horses the posterior articulating surface sometimes disappears and the forward one is broadened; and that in the ass both surfaces are very narrow, the posterior being the narrower. Judging by Major's illustrations (plate vi, figs. 26, 36), our Anau horse resembles an ass in the size of the forward articulating surface, but in the posterior surface is quite like the Quaternary horse of Cardamone. In Equus przewalskii the forward part is wider, the posterior narrower.
Inner side of the cuboideum.—Here there is nothing to say in opposition to Major and the Anau horse is wholly like that of Cardamone.
Table of dimensions and percentages.
Cuboideum.
Equus
pumpellii.
Equus asinus.
Hipparion.
Equus
przewalskii.
Equus stenonis.
Recent horse.
Length of bone
Longitudinal diameter of facet for metatar-
sus medius
Transverse diameter of same
Longitudinal diameter of facet for metatar-
sus externus
Transverse diameter of same.
Width on smallest part
More important is the distal articulation surface of the cuboideum. The small joint for the metatarsus medius possessed by Paleotherium minus and Anchitherium, but enlarged in the genus Hipparion and in horses, is in the Anau horse uncommonly small, in absolute measurement smaller even than in the ass, and approaches wholly in dimensions the Hipparions of Mt. Léberon. This dimension is greater in Equus przewalskii. Nevertheless, the relative dimensions show that the Anau horse stands midway between Equus asinus and Equus stenonis, and that Equus przewalskii even surpasses the recent horses in the size of these dimensions.
While in many recent horses and in Equus przewalskii the forward part of the facet for the metatarsus externus is separated from the posterior part, there is no breach of continuity in Equus pumpellii nor in the horses of Solutré and Cardamone. The narrowest place in the articulating surface for metatarsus externus-
mm.
37.5
9
6.5
P. cl.
I00
24
17.3
mm.
31
II
10.5
20
7
P. ct.
100
35.5
34
64
23
P.ct.
I00
26
23
55
23
mon.
31
8
7
17
7
3
mm. P. ct. 30.5 Ioo
7 23
6.5 21
mm.
38
P. ct. I00
I2
31
27
10.5
24
IO
7
63
26.3
mm.
I 0
45
31
14
I2.5
27.7
57
25.5
II
6
26.8
P. ct.
I00
40.5
I2
anm.
29
9.5
23.4
50
27
20
II
8.5
P. cl.
I00
oxim.
40. 5
16
39.5
33
13.5
50
26
20.5
10.5
5
Cuboideum.
Solutré.
Cardamone.
i
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