National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books
|
|
Color Thumbnail -
Table of Contents -
Page Number -
Biliographic Information (Metadata) -
Caption -
Color Image -
Gray HighRes. Image -
Facing Pages -
Graphics -
| 0042 |
Innermost Asia : vol.2 |
Citation Information
OCR Text
The army numbers 1865.³ Then follow the usual enumeration of a series of local officers, all bearing high-sounding titles, and indications of the distances from the seat of the Chinese Governor-General (*Wu-lei*, at present Yangi-hissār or Chādir) and *Yen-ch'i* (Kara-shahr), 1810 and 835 *li* respectively. With the latter we need not concern ourselves, as the account given of the position of the capital places it beyond all doubt at the site of Yār-khoto, five miles to the north-west of the Kōna-shahr of Turfān, as was long ago recognized by Chinese and Western scholars alike. Nor need the figures given of the population detain us, beyond the observation that they closely approach the corresponding numbers mentioned for Ulterior Chü-shih (595 families, 4,774 persons, 1,890 soldiers), but remain greatly below those recorded for the great oases of the Tārīm basin, such as Ch'iu-tzŭ (Kuchā), So-chê (Yārkand) and Yü-t'ien (Khotan).⁴
Hun opera-
tions based
on Turfān. Of the role that Turfān played in the struggle between the Han and the Huns at the time of the Chinese advance into the Tārīm basin, there is significant evidence in the very first mention of the territory traceable in translated portions of *Ch'ien Han shu* and Ssŭ-ma Ch'ien's *Shih chi*. We are told that the missions passing between the Emperor Wu-ti and the 'Western countries', after regular intercourse had first been opened, were repeatedly attacked and robbed by the people of Lou-lan and Ku-shih, who 'on various occasions acted as eyes and ears to the Hsiung-nu, causing their troops to intercept the Chinese envoys'.⁵ That *Ku-shih* 姑師 is but another form of the name *Chü-shih* 車師 may be considered as certain.⁶ A Chinese expedition was thereupon dispatched in 108 B.C., when its leader the general Chao P'o-nu, at the head of some seven hundred light cavalry, 'captured the king of Lou-lan and defeated Ku-shih'.⁷ The interest for us of this record lies in the clear indication it affords that Turfān served at that time as a base for Hun raids upon the newly opened Chinese route leading into the Tārīm basin through Lou-lan. It also proves that the Chinese counter-operations were conducted against 'Ku-shih' from the south across the Kuruk-tāgh.⁸
Chinese
attacks
upon *Chü-
shih*,
89–67 B.C. That the Hsiung-nu, even after that defeat, retained their hold upon Chü-shih is proved by the mention of an unsuccessful expedition which, with the help of Lou-lan troops, was sent in 99 B.C. against that territory.⁹ The expedition had evidently been planned in support of bigger but equally unsuccessful operations against the Huns which the Chinese in the same year attempted from Chiu-ch'üan or Su-chou in the direction of the eastern T'ien-shan.¹⁰ It was with an exactly
1
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
11
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
22
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
32
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
40
41
42
43
44
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
52
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
62
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
73
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
83
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
93
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
103
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
114
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
124
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
135
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
145
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
155
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
165
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
175
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
185
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
195
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
205
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
216
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
226
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
237
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
247
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
257
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
268
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
278
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
288
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
298
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
309
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
319
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
329
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
339
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
351
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
361
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
371
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
381
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
391
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
403
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
413
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
424
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
435
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
445
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
457
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
467
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
477
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
487
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
497
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
507
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
517
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
527
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
537
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
547
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
557
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
567
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
577
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
587
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
597
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
607
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
617
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
627
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
637
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
647
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
657
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
667
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
677
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
687
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
697
698
Copyright (C) 2003-2026
National Institute of Informatics
and
The Toyo Bunko. All Rights Reserved.
