国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

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68   ANTIQUITIES OF INDIAN TIBET   [VOL. II

exalted beyond the spheres of this world ; they are such as S5,kya-thub-pa (Buddha).

The kings not exalted beyond this world are of five kinds, viz. the kings of the

physical elements, the kings of noble' extraction, the elected kings, the . . . , and

Spu-rgyal, the King of Tibet, those five. The five kings of the physical elements

are the king of the mountains, the king of the trees, the king of the waters, the

king of fire, and the king of the air, these five. The first among them is the king

of the mountains, viz. Mount Ri-rab-lhun-po (Sumeru), which is furnished with five

jewels. It measures 160,000 yojanas from top to bottom. On the summit is the

palace of the gods ; in the middle that of the divine ogres ; below that of the king

of the dead. On the [four] sides are the residences of the four great kings [of the

cardinal points]. It is the king of the mountains who causes the planets and the

lunar mansions to travel round [the sky]. The king of the trees is the wishing-tree

(Dpag-bsam-sii , Kalpavriksa) : therefrom. the gods, enjoying happiness and bliss,

receive all their food and clothing : that is the king of trees. The king

of waters is the great ocean : whoso drinks of it, his stomach and throat are

free from harm. It is the residence of the Nága kings and the place from which

all the precious jewels proceed : that is the king of waters. The king of fire is the

conflagration flame of the universe. When it bursts out, it consumes everything

short of the two contemplations. Burning below, supporting the realm of hell, the

golden earth, the spheres of water and air, capable of destroying Mount Ri-rab-

lhun-po, is the king of fire. The king of the air is the wind, who does good works

in three thousand ways. It fills the creatures with strength. It dwells in this world-.

p. 23 sphere, and its height is 1,600,000 yojanas. Its width is beyond measure. It is

through the strength of the wind that the sphere of water also does not sink down

and does not move sideways. This is the king of the air. Secondly, there are two

kings of noble birth, viz. the king of the non-men (Mi-ma-yin, Amánusha) and the

king of nien. There are five kinds of non-men, viz., the gods (deva), demons (asuras),

animals, inhabitants of the hells (náraka), spirits (preta), these five.   The first of

them is the ruler of the gods, Brgya-byin (Satakratu, Indra) : he is superior to all

the others and possesses 1,000 eyes : he is of immeasurable strength and miraculous

power. He protects the four lesser powers (Upendra), the four Great Kings, captains

of the host of Nägas in the ocean.   Such is the king of the gods. The

second is the king of the demons (asuras), King Thag-bzan-ris (Vemacitra). Arraying

his body with the armour of the four jewels . . . Such is the king of the demons].

After a council had been held by them all, they said : ` Now we must elect

from among us a " lord of the fields ", a man who is able to distinguish between

good and bad, a man of great diligence and courage, a man kind towards all men,

and great in merit generally, who is wise in all works as well as in speech, who

is clever in administering judgment (lit. measuring) ! ' All the field-owners offered

him tribute, and, as he received honour from the whole assembly of men, he obtained

the name of Man-pos-bkur-ba (Mahá,sammata), and all creatures lived in happiness.

Then, from the Mdzod (Kola):