IIIF Color HighRes
National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
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| IIIF Color HighRes |
| Southern Tibet : vol.7 |
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Citation Information
EDUARD SUESS.
41
348
and the regions about the Pångkong lake», though Ling-si-tang, at least, hardly can be said to belong to the area of the Shayok. He states that to the north of the great Zånskår Range glaciers do not occur in any force till the Mustagh or Karakorum Range is reached, which he regards as the watershed between the Indus and the Turkestan river systems. There is a »complete network of glaciers» on the southern side of this »stupendous mountain barrier, and some of the glaciers, as the Biafo and Braldu are only exceeded in size by the Humboldt Glacier of Greenland. Lydekker says these glaciers were »already fully described by Godwin-Austen and Drew».'
As to the lakes he expresses the following opinion : » Along the shores of the Pångkong lake, as has already been incidentally mentioned, very similar deposits are to be met with, and also traces of old marginal beaches, indicating that the lake formerly stood at a much higher level than at present. The other large existing lakes afford very similar evidences. The waters of many of these lakes are now more or less saline, and without outlet; but there is abundant evidence to prove that they were formerly sweet, and that streams flowed from them carrying off the surplus waters.»
For the geological description of the rocks of Chang-chenmo, Ling-si-tang and Lokshung Lydekker refers to Stoliczka and Drew. This is also the case with the Kara-korum road and the Kara-korum Pass.
The work of Lydekker is accompanied by a Geological Mal of the Kdshmfr (C. Chamba Territories and Khågdn. This was no doubt the very best geological map then existing of these regions so difficult of access. Compared with the beautiful map of H. H. HAYDEN in A Sketch of the Geography and Geology of the Himalaya Mountains and Tibet, Part IV, 1908, it shows that the progress of our geological knowledge of the Kara-korum Mountains has been very slow. The principal features of both these maps have been entered on Professor Anders Hennig's Karte B in Vol. V of this work.
On Lydekker's map the Kara-korum Pass, Daulet Bek-öldi and Kisil-unkur are situated in the Supra-kuling series of the Zånskår System belonging to Jura and Trias. The sharp bend of the river Shayok, just east of the Shayok village, and nearly the whole Chang-chenmo valley and the region south of it, are situated in traps and sedimentaries of the Panjål System being of Silurian and, possibly, Cambrian age. North of the Chang-chenmo and the whole way up to Ling-si-tang we find three more or less parallel belts of the same Supra-kuling series as mentioned from the region south and S. E. of the Kara-korum Pass, only interrupted along the Kograng valley and in the range of Chang-lung-yogma by two belts of the carboniferous Kuling series of the Zånskår System. The belts of different specimens of rock along the Changchenmo—Chang-lung road seem to correspond to similar specimens along the Karakorum road, and to have the same N. W. S. E. stretching as the mountain ranges.
I Op. cit., I). 32.
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