The fandziun and u djyng dziun troops may be estimated at 400 men in each ying of' putui and 25o men in each ying of matui. — Arms: Mannlicher with 5 cartridges, Hotchkiss with io (?) and Mauser with io and r cartridge. — When drill is performed, it is carried out in the European style. Owing to the troops being split up into small posts, there is frequently no drill at all and in any case it is deficient.
The ludziun are trained pedantically. They drill daily from 6 to 7-8 a.m. and 4.30 to 6 p.m. — The infantry marches, changes formation and handles its rifles with faultless precision. There is strict attention in the ranks, never a loud remark, still less any foul language. — The artillery drill with their guns, 4 men to a mountain gun and 6 men to a field gun. The men are untiring in running, carrying ammunition, loading, squatting behind the armoured screen and firing. In between, the horses are harnessed to the guns or else the guns are laden on to 4. horses each. This is done rather slowly, perhaps. Changes of formation are carried out quickly and with precision. The horses (r or 2 to a mountain gun, 4 to a field gun) are small, but with few exceptions broad, deep-chested, with strong backs and well developed legs. They are bought in Mongolia at about 40 taels each. A ying has 266 horses, which are in the charge of a junior officer. They are groomed and fed by some hired mafu, not in uniform. — I did not see the sappers do any drill except infantry drill, performed with the usual precision. — The cavalry are said to do mounted drill,
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