| ch'ing and on d'Anvilles map the two Chinese itineraries are laid in. The northern itinerary does not at any point, west of Lhatse-dsong, cross the Tsangpo. But it crosses the Maryum-chu and its tributary Tchar tchou before it reaches Gunchu-tso. Thus it follows a road which runs south of the ordinary road over Maryum-la. It must be the same road which was followed by Kawaguchi. For he came from Gunchu-tso and kept south of Maryum-la and »went on several low undulating hills, and finally reached the lower course of the river Chema Yungdung», after which he crossed the »Kobei-chu». Thus he left the Chinese itinerary on his left and had not to cross the Maryum-chu. The Chinese itinerary crossed the Maryum-chu, Kawaguchi the Kubi-tsangpo. But on the road to Gunchu-tso both must have crossed the same river. And as this is called Chema Yungdung by the Japanese, it must be the same in the Chinese case, which also corresponds perfectly with real facts, so much the more as there is no other sign of a junction between the Chema-yundung and Maryum-chu on the map. The first-mentioned of the two principal rivers, the Tamchok-kamba, has its sources in the mountains of Kouben gang tsian, Goumang and Tam tchouk khabab. The first of these is Kubi-gangri, which is very well placed on the Ta-ch'ing map. The second, Goumang, corresponds exactly to Chema-yundung-pu, i. e. the mountain massive from which the Chema-yundung comes down, and which is probably sometimes called Chema-yundung-gangri, although I only heard it called »pu» or »upper valley». From the eastern slope of the mountain a river goes down to a little lake, on the Ta-ch'ing map called L. Djima Young rong, which also proves that Mt. Goumang must be identical with the Chema-yundung-pu. The third mountain, Tam tchouk khabab, has, curiously enough, been placed north of Mt. Goumang and a little tributary, possibly the Angsi-chu, may be said to rise from its eastern slopes. Thus Langchen-kabab and Tamchok-kabab become, on this map, very close neighbours, and the source of the Horse is regarded as situated at the head of the river which is farthest west, and, probably, somewhat longer than the other branches. In this particular detail the different Chinese versions do not agree. For in the version translated by Klaproth it is said that the ' Tsangpo comes from Tamchok-kabab and after a course of I o lieues receives a tributary from the lake Chema-yundung. Here it is specially pointed out that only the head river comes from Tamchok-kabab. With this d'Anville's map agrees for it places Tamchok-kabab as belonging to or being a part of Kubi-gangri, and Dutreuil de Rhins says of the Tamchok-kamba that it is »la branche principale du Tsan po».I The mistake of the Ta-ch'ing map has of course been accepted by d'Anville, for in the general hydrographical arrangement both maps are practically like each other. It is very easy to find out how this mistake could rise, if we only consider the itineraries on the Ta-ch'ing map. The southern itinerary has crossed the Kubi- |
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