国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

HOW GOES INFLUENCED THE MAPS OF CENTRAL ASIA.

195

Before we leave the influence of Sanson d'Abbeville over Central Asia, and pass on to an entirely new type, and before we have to consider the further adventures of Koko-nor, a lake which was rediscovered, though not visited by Martini, we have to go back upon two questions not dealt with hitherto. The one is Benedict Goës, the other the first appearance of Koko-nor.

Benedict Goës travelled 1603-1607. His narrative was published in 1616 by Father Trigault. On Sanson d'Abbeville's map of 1654 some names appear which can hardly be taken from any other informant than Goës. Such names are Ciarcur (Goës: Caracar), Tanghetar (Goës: Tengitar), Egriar (Goës: Egriar), Horma (Goës: Horma), Sark (Goës: Sarc), and Cuche, or Cuchia (Goës: Cucia).' Several other names mentioned by Goës and entered on Sanson's map, were known before, as Attock, Iarchan, Cascar, Aczu, Chialis, Turfan, Camul, Cotam, and others.

Benedict Goës is therefore a new element added to Central Asiatic cartography, though, of course, he has not made it easier for draughtsmen to understand the relative situation of mountains, rivers and cities. Martini's map of the Hwangho had a very great influence which stretched far towards the interior of the continent. And on Kircher's map of 1667 (Pl. XI) we clearly find an attempt to bring Goës' route into harmony with the cartographical image then existing of Central Asia.2 He has even entered the route of the Jesuit, though he places it between the Montes Tebetici or Himalaya, and Caucasus mons, which, if the map only approached correctness, should be the Tian-shan. This is one proof that Goës does not assist the cartographers. Another we shall find in Cantelli's map of 1683.

As regards Koko-nor, we found on the map of 1584 (Pl. XXIV), »auctore Ludouico Georgio», an oblong lake, at least three times as large as the Chiamay Lacus, and simply called Lacus, from which the southern branch of the Hwangho took its rise. The same lake reappeared on Hondius' World Map of 1611 (Pl. XXV), and is still nameless, unless Cirhcuai la stands for Cirhcuai lacus. On Hoeius' Map of the World (Pl. XXVI), which dates from about 1600, but was republished about 1640, with later discoveries, the lake is called Lacus Cuicui Hay, which has some faint resemblance with Hondius' Cirhcuai. On the maps of China and Tartaria in Iansson's Newer Atlas 1641,3 the mysterious lake is called Lacus Cincui Hay, which approaches the correct spelling much nearer than Cuicui Hay and Cirhcuai; that all these versions have their deriva-

I Father J. Brucker: Benoit de Goès, Lyon 1879.

2 F. G. Kramp is therefore only partly right when he characterizes the cartography of the period about 168o to 1690 in the following words: »The maps of Northern and Central Asia which up to that period had appeared in Europe outside Russia, were not based on actual observation, but can only be described as cosmographical systems graphically represented, as much as possible supplemented by the accounts of mediaeval travellers.» Remarkable Maps, Introduction.

3 The first of these has the title: China Veteribus Sinarvm Regio nunc Incolis Tame dicta, and is a copy of the above-mentioned map of Ludouico Georgio, 1584. The second is called Tartaria sive Magni Chami Imperium. On the map Asia recens summa cura delineata, auct: Jud: Hondio, also published in Iansson's Atlas the lake is drawn in the traditional way, but the name has not been given. (See Pl. XXVIII.)