国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

196   MAPS OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.

tion from a common source is evident, though they have been spelt in a more or less careful way. Sanson, 1654, rejects the lake, so far as can be judged from his maps Pl. XXIX and XXX. On Martini's map, 1655, the oblong lake has disappeared definitely, but the name has, in a purer version Cinghai, been transferred to the

real Koko-nor.

We have thus the series Cirhcuai, Cuicui Hay, Cincui Hay, and Cinghai, all of which are the Chinese Tsing-hai or Koko-nor, and we are justified in surmising that the mysterious lake is nothing else than the Koko-nor. For some 6o years Hwang-ho has been supposed to come, partly, from this lake, but Father Martini has got more reliable news, and shows that it has no connection whatever with the river.

Pl. XXXII is a reproduction of a most interesting map : Indiæ Orientalis nec non Insularum adiacentium Nova Descrijtio Per Nicolaunz Visscher.I The editor, C. H. COOTE, says of it: »It will be convenient to note here the date of the production of this map; it will be found inserted in J. Jansson's Novus Atlas, das ist Well Beschreibung 5th vol., Grosse Atlas (8th 'art) Wasser- Well, Amsterdam, 1657-58 folio. (Brit. Mus. 9 Tab. 23.) Also in other editions of about the same date.» It would therefore seem to be certain that the map must have been drawn before 1658. But SYLVAIN LÉVI proves in a most convincing way that this cannot possibly be the case.' For NICOLAUS VISSCHER has, probably as the first amongst cartographers, made use of Grueber's discoveries, and Grueber finished his journey in 1662. According to Lévi our map, Pl. XXXII, was inserted in Atlas Minor sive to/his orbis terrarurn contracta delinealio, ex conatibus Nic. Visscher (Amsterdam Bat. aj5ud Nicolaum Visscher). The Atlas Minor has no date, but the map, Pl. XXXII, can under no conditions have appeared before 1663. All the names mentioned in Grueber's narrative, as related in Kircher's China Illustrata, appear on the map, even with the characteristic spelling which comes directly from Grueber. Coote's assertion that the map should be taken from Jansson's Novus Atlas is therefore, according to Lévi, inacceptable, and even a hasty examination shows that Lévi is right.3 Visscher places Necbal with Cutlu, a misprint for Cuthi S.W. of Lassa; then follow Cadmenda, Hedonda, Mutgari, Battana, Benares, Cadampor, and Agra. Patna had appeared already on Herbert's map of 1638 (Pl. X), and on Sanson's of 1654 (Pl. XXIX), though placed far above Benares. When Visscher hears the name Battana of Grueber, he believes it is another city and has both Patna and Battana on his map.

i Remarkable maps etc. Part III, No. 4.

2 Le Népal, Tome I, p. 90 et seq.

3 Grueber's stations were: from Lhasa 4 days to mount Langur, which Kircher identifies with Paropamisus and Marco Polo's Belor, but which in reality is Himalaya. Thence Grueber travelled one

month to the first city of Necbal (Nepal), Cuthi. The next station is Neste, and then the capital

Cadmendu, from where he had 5 days to Hetonda (Hetaura) and 8 days to the first city of Mogul, Mutgari (Motihari). Further io days to Battana (Patna), 8 days to Benares, II days to Cadampor

and, finally, 7 days to Agra. Compare also: Richard 'Fronnier: Die Durchquerung Tibets seitens der

Jesuiten Johannes Grueber und Albert de Dorville im Jahr 1661. Zeitschr. d. Gesell. f. Erdkunde zu Berlin, 19o4, p. 328 et seq.