国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0305 |
Southern Tibet : vol.7 |
| 南チベット : vol.7 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
Cunningham and Dr. Thomas Thomson, who had been commissioned in Ladak
and on the Tibetan frontier.¹ A third member of the commission was Henry
Strachey. To them the theoretical geography, and the conclusions drawn from
old Chinese works and maps were not sufficient — they went personally to the
very spot and penetrated the dark country, studying it with their own eyes. With
his famous book, Ladák, Cunningham brought the knowledge of western Himalaya
and Kara-korum a very great step forward, and did more in the right direction
than any one before his time.
He identifies the old Chinese Ts'ung-ling or Onion Mountains with the Kara-
korum.² He noticed the parallelism of the mountain ranges and rivers from N. W.
to S. E. He points out that Ladak on the north is divided by the Kara-korum
Mountains from the Chinese district of Khotan. It is especially the Nubra district
that is bounded on the north by the Kara-korum.³ Again he mentions the importance
of these mountains as an ethnological dividing line: »To the north of the Kára-
korum range, lie the Chinese districts of Yarkand, Kotan, and Káshgár, which, with
the exception of the Chinese functionaries, and Tartar soldiers are wholly peopled
by Musulmáns.» The Kirghis inhabit the steppes of Pamer beyond the Kara-korum.
It is, however, in his chapter III, »Mountains», that Cunningham enters in a
more detailed way upon the question of the Kara-korum. To begin with he says
that the western Great Himalaya near the sources of the Gilgit and Kunar rivers
joins the mountains of Pamir and Hindu-kush.⁴ He, however, quotes without remarks
Humboldt's view: »The Hindu Kush, or Indian Caucasus, is a continuation of the
Kuen-lun of North Tibet.» Speaking of the general parallelism in the Himalaya he
continues:⁵ »Beyond the Himálaya the same system of parallel chains will be observed
in at least three distinct ranges of mountains, which I propose to call the Trans-
Himálaya, the Chushal, and the Kárákoram, or Trans-Tibetan chains . . . . The Trans-
Tibetan range is that which we call the Bolor and Kárákoram, on the west; and
which probably merges into the Kuen-lun, on the east. It is in fact the northern
limit of the Tibetan people, and of their peculiar language. To the north are the
people of Balti, Ladák, and Chang-Thang, who were known to Ptolemy as the Byltae
and Chatae Scythae.»
The view regarding the Bolor had subsequently to be corrected. It was in
accordance with Ritter's map. The intimate connection between the Kuen-lun
and the Kara-korum was derived from Humboldt, though not in agreement with
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28
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38
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49
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70
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81
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92
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117
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138
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150
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161
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177
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190
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202
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214
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237
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251
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263
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277
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291
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302
303
304
305
306
308
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315
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329
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342
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352
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363
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375
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386
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397
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407
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420
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432
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444
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457
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467
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478
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488
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499
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510
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520
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530
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541
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552
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563
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573
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583
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593
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605
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615
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625
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635
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646
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656
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666
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681
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693
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704
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714
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726
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737
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747
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758
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773
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788
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801
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813
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833
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848
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864
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876
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888
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