Southern Tibet : vol.7 / 647 ページ（白黒高解像度画像）

0647	Southern Tibet : vol.7
南チベット : vol.7

0647

Southern Tibet : vol.7

南チベット : vol.7

471

The end of the Baltoro is at about 11,000 feet, the Biafo at 10,180, Siachen
at 11,600 (Longstaff 1909), Hispar at 10,803 (Workman 1908), Chogo Lungma at
9,519 (Workman 1902).

The expedition continued on the stony waste of the lower Baltoro to
Camp Machichand. Passing the Liligo the march thence went on, partly on
the gravel of the Baltoro moraine, partly at its side. Rdokass was chosen as
Base Camp, at about ten miles from the end of the glacier, and at an altitude of
13,205 feet.

As to the length of glaciers, Filippi mentions Siachen = 45 miles (Longstaff),
Inylchek, Tian-shan = 44 miles (Merzbacher), Biafo = 37 miles (Workman), and
Hispar = 36 miles (Workman), no other known glacier reaches 30 miles. The
longest glacier of the Himalaya Proper, the Zemu of the Kinchinjunga group, is
16 miles (Freshfield).

From 11,000 to 15,700 feet the Baltoro ascends with a gradient of barely 3.5‰.
This glacier fills its bed completely. Many glaciers of tributary valleys flow out on
the top of the Baltoro with a high front and without terminal moraines.

Opposite Rdokass is a valley filled by the Mustagh Glacier which leads to the
old Mustagh Pass, 19,000 feet, over which Askoley communicated with Yarkand.
Vigne says it was open in the first half of the last century. In 1861 it was im-
practicable, according to Godwin-Austen. In 1887 Younghusband passed it on
his way for Kashgar. In September 1903 Ferber and Honigmann went up to
the Mustagh Pass.

The Mustagh route seems to have been occasionally used in bygone times.
Stein and Longstaff suppose that it was used only during troublesome times and
chiefly by war refugees and messengers, but not during peace.

At Rdokass the movement of the glacier was 361 feet in 62 days. Thus
10 miles from the snout the central stream of the Baltoro had an average daily speed
of 5 feet 10 inches. As a rule, the giant glaciers of the Kara-korum flow at a much
higher speed than the ordinary alpine glaciers.

From the Base Camp, on May 23rd, they continued up the Baltoro Glacier.
The medial moraine had a height of 100 to 200 feet above the level of the glacier.
A central upheaval of the ice starts abruptly from the surface of the glacier, possibly
brought about by the pressure of the glaciers against each other when they meet,
in this case the Godwin-Austen Glacier and the main glacier.

They passed the Younghusband Glacier at about the point reached by Godwin-
Austen in 1861.

Ice pyramids up to 70 feet high were seen on the Baltoro. They are characteristic
for this glacier. In the upper parts of the glacier they do not exist, but there are
conical hillocks up to 300 feet high, glacier lakes, and glacier tables.

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