Southern Tibet : vol.7 / 532 ページ（白黒高解像度画像）

0532	Southern Tibet : vol.7
南チベット : vol.7

0532

Southern Tibet : vol.7

南チベット : vol.7

to the shores of the Caspian Sea. Such curves are to be found on the same line
also in Hindu Kush and Elburs.¹
Bogdanovitch travelled from Karghalik south-westward to the upper reaches of
the Yarkand-darya. On his map he has the names Mustagh and Karakorum on the
mighty range stretching south-eastward into the interior of Tibet.

*

An excellent summary of Tibetan orography is to be found in MEDLICOTT'S,
BLANFORD'S and OLDHAM'S Geology, from which it is necessary to quote a few
important passages:²

The Himálayas in a general sense are well understood to be the great system of
mountains which rises to the north of the alluvial plains of upper India, and forms the
southern margin of the highlands of Tibet, but the limits of the range at either end are
difficult to define, for it becomes continuous with the mountain ranges between India and
China on the one hand and those north of Afghánistán on the other, and though it is easy
to regard these as distinct ranges, once the change of general direction is well established,
the absolute continuity of each with the Himálayas, where the junction takes place, shows
that the elevation of the whole was part of the same great series of movements of the
earth's crust.

The geographical limits they use for the Himalayas are the lines along which
the stretching of the chains of hills and of the rocks they are composed of, takes a
sudden bend. »On the west this line may be taken to run through the hills west of the
valley of Kashmir, from where the Kara-korum Range bends into the Hindu Kush
to where the Jehlam leaves the hills.» In the east it is placed near Sadiya towards
the N. E.

In Vol. III, p. 182, I have quoted the views of the Geological Survey of India,
where MARKHAM'S opinion about the northern, central and southern Himalaya ranges
is regarded as the most popular. This view was most beautifully illustrated on
SAUNDERS' map. But in 1893 it was well known to the Geological Survey of India
that the orography of the Himalayas was not so simple or well defined as it was
represented on Saunders' map.

In the north-western portion of the Himalayas, where alone the geography is known
with any degree of completeness, four principal ranges are commonly recognized. The
most northerly and most elevated of these, which appears to bend round into the Hindu
Kush at its northwesterly extremity, is the Mustagh or Karakoram range, whose culminating
peak, 28,265 feet high and the second highest in the world, was formerly known as K 2,
but is now often named after its discoverer Godwin-Austen.

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