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| Notes on Marco Polo : vol.1 |
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Citation Information
312 158. CINGHIS
River (YS, 19, 1 b). In 1272, Qubilai's grandson Mangala (see « Mangalai ») was made prince of An-hsi with a palace at Hsi-an-fu, and received in 1273 the cumulative appanage of prince of . Ch'in with a palace in the territory of j, Jlj Yüan-chou (the present hsien of Ku-yuan), which was on that occasion promoted to no A IN K'ai-ch'êng-fu (its seat being 40 li south-east of Ku-yuan). In 1278, the son of Hoqu (see « Cotan »), a prince who had revolted, was captured at the Liu-p'anshan (YS, 121, 6 a). On Mangala's death in 1280, his son Ananda (= Ananda) succeeded him in both appanages. But in 1287, while Ananda retained the position of prince of An-hsi, that of prince of Ch'in was given to his younger brother Altan-buqa, who resided at K'ai-ch'êng, and was in charge of the defence of the Liu-p'an-shan (cf. YS, 60, 3 a; 107, 9 a; 108, 1 b) . From a letter written in 1318, it seems that Altan-buqa was then still alive; it may have been because of his death that K'ai-ch'êng-fu was degraded to K'ai-ch'êng-chou in 1323. A summer resort, the
Ch'ing-shu-lou, created by the prince of An-hsi under the Yüan, still existed in modern times at the Liu-p'an-shan (cf. Ta-Ch'ing i-t'ung chip, 201, 2 b); I cannot say whether this prince was Mangala or Ananda. Altan-buqa had married *Ärä'öl, who was baptized as Sarah, and who was the second daughter of the Christian king of the Öngüt Ai-buqa and sister of Polo's King George (see «Giorge »); she must have died in 1314, at the latest. At the beginning of the present century, Pognon saw at Diarbekir in Syria a Syriac gospel, written in 1298 for *Ärä'öl, probably in the region of the Liu-p'an-shan (cf. TP, 1914, 635, to which I have added the above information hitherto unpublished). At the beginning of the Ming dynasty, several battles were fought against
Mongol troops at the Liu-p'an-shan. In the Chin ship (123, 5 b), we read that « In the fourth chêng-ta year, in the spring (January 19-April 17, 1227), the ' great' troops (= the Mongol army)
came (from the) west and decided to spend the summer at Lung-tê. » This also refers to the Liu
p'an-shan, located 20 li east of the hsien of Lung-tê.
The hsien of Ch'ing-shui, formerly belonging to Ch'in-chou and now to Wei-ch'uan-tao, is
far to the south of the Liu-p'an-shan, on a small affluent of the Wei River. This tributary,
called the Ch'ing-shui, is formed of two branches, and, if the text of the YS is to be trusted, the « Western River» (Hsi-chiang) must be the one to the west, or, more strictly speaking, to the north-west; it does not cross the district city of Ch'ing-shui. This « Western River» was also
known as 4 Ch'in-shui, and was itself formed by the conjunction of several streams, one of
which passed through the JI[ Ch'in-ch'uan, or «Ch'in Valley» (Ta-Ch'ing i-t'ung chip, 210,
4 a). But it is a mistake of T'u Chi (3, 31 b) to adduce, by way of confirming the text relating Chinghiz-khan's stay at the Hsi-chiang in 1227, a passage in the biography of the Öngüt *An)ur (or *Amur), according to which « [the imperial progress] made a halt at Ch'in-ch'uan» (41
)11); the actual text (YS, 121, 4 a) says that, in the course of the campaign of 1227, *AnJur
«halted his troops at Ch'in-chou» (tt A jib), and this text is followed by T'u Chi himself
elsewhere (47, 5 b). On the other hand, Kao Pao-ch'üan, in his jt fg 4 j 4 1E
Yüan pi-ship Li chu pu-chêng (14, 2-3; cf. also 15, 2 b), after copying the passage of the pên-chi of YS on the death of Chinghiz-khan, maintains that Ch'ing-shui here means the jj 7]C i7 Ch'ing-shui-ho, or Ch'ing-shui River, which takes its rise in the territory of Ku-yuan, runs to the north-west and flows finally into the Huang-ho about long. 130° 20'. This would also be the Ch'ing-shui mentioned in Cayàn's biography for the time of Ögödäi, a region in which there
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