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| Notes on Marco Polo : vol.1 |
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Citation Information
44 25. APUSCA
25. APUSCA
apascha VA
apusca F, FA, FB, L, R; S apuscha VL
apusta P, P ' alpusva LT hapuoscha V
posiha VB
pusciai TA 1, TA 3
This is certainly the Turkish Abusga. Abuiga (< avî ya, av1 qa) means «old man» (cf. «abusca » = abuiga, in KUUN, Cod. Cum., 116), and has often been used as a proper name; it is also pronounced abr.§/a and abï. qa; «Apusca» may be a clerical error, as in « Patu ». A Prince
Abïsga or Abisya, great-grandson of Cayatai, as well as a high official in the beginning
of Qubilai's reign, are often mentioned by Rasidu-'d-Din (Bl, u, 164, 381, 393, 404, 430). BLOCHET has wrongly restored « Apishégha » and « Abishégha », as if the name were from Skr. abhiseka. A p'ing-chang NI ,. ` as A-pi-shih-ha, Abisga, appears in YS, 102, 6 b, under the year 1285. Polo's « Apusca » is very likely the agtaZi Abïsga (see Ha I, II, 383 : « Abischka »), one of Ghazan's high officials. YULE (Y, I, 33) has already noted that Rasidu-'d-Din, according to ERDMANN'S Temudschin, 205, mentions an « Apuschcka » who was sent on a mission from Persia to the Great Khan, and thinks he may be the same person. I quite agree, but Raid does not write «Apusga »; he gives l 1 =l0. Nl Abisga > Abugga (misread « Aqisqa » in Ber. I, 160; ibid. p. 106, the spelling lA ,1 Abusga adopted by BEREZIN for a namesake is not countenanced by any manuscript) ; Abisga belonged to the Qongqotan branch of the Ornaut. For a prince « Abusta » (read «Abusca ») of the Golden Horde, who is said to have been baptized, cf. GOLUBOVICH, Bibl. bio-bibi. II, 73. It seems as if the pronunciation Abisga had been maintained officially, while Abusga was more in popular use.
26. ARABIE (and ARABI)
abrahi, cabya LT
arabam L
arabbia TA 1
arabe, araben, arabien, atabi F
arabes P, Z
arabi F, L, TA 1, TA 3, V, VA,
VB, VL, Z; R
arabia L, TA3, Z; R
arabie F, FA
arahi R
arrabe, arrabic, arrabie, arrabiz
FB
arrabes, arrabia Z
arrabis FA
tabian V
Although the Arabs were known to the Chinese at least from the middle of the 7 th cent., their name never occurs in Chinese transcription before modern times. The Chinese used to call
the Arabs JC Ta-shih (*D'âi-di'jak or *T'âi-zi), once & To-shih (*TA-zie), transcribing
either the Pers. TM' (< Pahl. Tâéik, derived from the Arabian tribal name Tai) or the other Persian form Tajik; Tâzi is to Tai in the same relation as for instance Pers. Râzi to Rai. Cf. HORN, Grundriss der neupers. Etym., No. 367; HUBSCHMANN, Pers. Studien, No. 367; CHAVANNES, Religieux éminents, 25; CHAVANNES, Documents sur les Tou-kiue, 361; HR, 119 (with several inaccuracies). The transcription To-shih (*TA-zie), used by the pilgrim I-thing in the second
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