IIIF Color HighRes
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| Notes on Marco Polo : vol.1 |
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Citation Information
50. BAIAN CINGSAN 67
50. BAIAN CINGSAN
baia, baiam enanza, baym TA3 baia anasa TA1 baiaincuncan VL baiam FA, LT, TA1, TA3,
VA
baiam cinasar LT
baiam cogi, boiam VA
baian F, FA, FB, LT, P, V,
VB
baian chinclan FB
baian cinq san F
baian tincsan FA
baian zinqueschan V
bayam LT, P; G
bayam chinsam P
bayan Z ; G
chinsambaian, chinsanbaian R
This is « Bayan Cingsan », « Pai-yen ch'êng-hsiang » in Chinese, the very form used in Chinese
for instance in TP, 1915, 403. Rasidu-'d-Din generally calls him « Bayan » or « Bayan noyan »,
noyan being a high title of noblemen and commanders in Mongolian (Ber, I, 196; Bl, II, 447,
527). See also « Cingsan ».
On Bayan, Pai-yen, cf. Y, II, 148-149; YS, 127 ; T'u Chi, 90. He was a Bârin; accor-
ding to Ragid, his father, Kökcü, had been executed for misbehaviour. Bayan, as a young man, was sent to Persia with Hülägü, but Qubilai having claimed him back, Bayan returned to his Court and was shown high favour (cf. Ber, I, 196; the name of Kökcü, father of Bayan the Bârin, appears also in Bl, II, 447). According to the notices on the Bârin, this occurred in Hülägü's time, and that is why YULE placed Bayan's return to China about 1265. In the parallel text of Bl, II, 447 (cf. also Oh, II, 397), it is only in Abaya's time that Qubilai sent the embassy that ordered Bayan back to the Imperial Court, but this must be a mistake, as Bayan was already in China before Hülägü's death, and Raid himself says a few lines later that Bayan was sent to China in 1265. The Chinese biography is somewhat different. While agreeing with Raid as to the name Alaq of Bayan's grandfather, it gives to his father the name of Hsiao-kou-t'ai, *Ha'iigtitäi (written Mong. *Ägtigütäi), and says that this father followed Hülägü to Persia, so that Bayan was brought up in the West ; and it is Hülägü who, in the beginning of the period chih-yüan, sent Bayan to report certain matters to Qubilai. Bayan must have arrived in China early in 1265 (« 1263» in Ch, III, 33, is wrong; Bayan's arrival early in 1265 seems to dispose of YULE'S idea [Y, I, 10] that the elder Polos may have travelled with him) ; if his age at the time of his death as given by his biography be correct, he was then 29 years old. Qubilai was struck by the ability of the young man, married him to a younger sister of the Minister An-t'ung (see « Nomogan »), and, in August-September 1265, appointed him « Left ch'êng-hsiang », which was the highest ministerial post in the Grand Secretariat (but according to YS, 112, 4 b, five ch'êng-hsiang were appointed in 1265, and Bayan is the last on the list, which is headed by An-t'ung). In 1268, Bayan was called to the Privy Council ; in 1273, he had the honour of presenting Chên-chin (see « Cinchim ») with the jade tablet which made him heir to the throne. It is only in 1274 that Bayan was sent against the Sung, and he left the Court in the autumn of that year. On October 2, having assembled his armies at Hsiang-yang (see « Saianfu »), Bayan, as was usual in Mongol campaigns, divided them into three corps which advanced by different roads ; Bayan himself was with the troops of the centre, which went down the Han river towards Han-k'ou. This was the beginning of the campaign which ended two years later by the capture of Hang-chou and the downfall of the
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