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| 0036 |
Southern Tibet : vol.7 |
Citation Information
OCR Text
Básh; proceeding yet further, one arrives in the land of Tibet. Badakhshán is in the
direction of summer sunset *(tabistáni)* from Yárkand, as stated above, and Káshmir is in
the direction of winter sunset *(zamistáni)* from Yárkand. That same range runs between
Yárkand and Káshmir, and is here called Bálti; this [district] belongs to the province of
Tibet. There is, in these parts, a mountain wider than the Aláí or the Pámir. The width
in Bálti is twenty days' journey. — The pass ascending from Yárkand, is the pass of
Sánju, and the pass descending on the side of Káshmir, is the pass of Askárdu [From the
Sánju pass to the Askárdu pass] is twenty days' journey. In the direction of winter sunset
from Khotan, are some of the cities of Hind, such as Láhur, Sultánpur, and Bájwára, and
the afore-mentioned mountain range lies between. Between Khotan and the towns of Hind
above-named, are situated Arduk (Rudok), Guga (Guge), and Aspati (Spiti), which belong
to Tibet; and it must be supposed that those mountains extend into Khitái. On the west
and south of the range, lies Hindustán; while Bhíra, Láhur and Bangála are all on the
skirts of it. All the rivers of Hind flow down from these hills, and their sources are in
the country of Tibet . . . . All the streams which flow down from the mountains of Tibet,
in a westerly and southerly direction, become rivers of Hind . . . .: all the streams which
flow in an easterly and northerly direction from the mountains of Tibet . . . . empty them-
selves into the Kuk Naur . . . .¹ From these details it will be clear that Tibet is a very
highlying country, since its waters run in all directions. Any one wishing to enter Tibet,
must first ascend lofty passes, which do not slope downward on the other side, for on
the top the land is level; in a few cases only, the passes have slight declivities [on the
far side].²
In his above-mentioned article, R. B. Shaw proves that this description is per-
fectly in accordance with the real state of things. He places Raskam and Taghdumbash
on »the Central Asian *versant* of the Muztak (sometimes, though improperly to my
mind, called Karakorum) Range, in the corner between it and Pámir.» Shaw is right
in saying that Mirza Haidar possessed a faculty rare among Orientals, namely to
rise above details and conceive a general idea. Everybody who in the interior of
Asia has asked the natives for the name of a mountain range, will agree with Shaw
in this respect. But, as shall be seen in connection with our discussion of Shaw's
own journey, he had a curious conception of the orography of the Kara-korum and
Kwen-lun, to which he, however, finds a certain support in Mirza Haidar's geography.
»The account of the mountain region sweeping round the north, west, and south of
Káshgharia, and thus enclosing that country on three sides, is the simplest and truest
that can be given.» And he agrees with the Oriental writer when he regards everything
between Yarkand and India as one great *mountain mass*.
To Mirza Haidar's hydrography, when he makes the rivers flow in different
directions from the mountains between Yarkand and India, Shaw adds the reflection:
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342
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352
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363
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386
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432
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444
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457
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467
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478
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530
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541
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552
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563
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573
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583
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593
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605
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615
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625
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635
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646
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656
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666
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681
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693
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704
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714
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726
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737
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747
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758
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773
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788
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801
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813
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833
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848
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864
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876
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888
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