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| 0495 |
Southern Tibet : vol.7 |
Citation Information
OCR Text
333
In our days only the southern and northern boundary systems are really well
known, especially Himalaya. Richthofen gathered one of the principal features of Tibet
when he showed that also the interior of Tibet was filled up by tremendous ranges,
although hidden to a very great extent by deposits. So much of the ranges however,
crop up from these beds of deposits that the general stretching of the ranges may be
followed. The plateaux of Northern and Central Tibet grow smaller and smaller the
more the interior of the country becomes known.
Richthofen drew up the principal lines of the geography of Central Asia in a
systematic way. The representation he gave of the orography proved that Hum-
boldt's System had to be abandoned on several points. At present many parts
of Richthofen's own system have proved to be wrong, although the great features
and the physico-geographical laws, which nobody has understood and interpreted
better than he, will always remain, for they are eternal physical laws. And Richt-
hofen's own name remains unrivalled in the history of Asiatic exploration.
In his China, Dritter Band, published by Professer Ernst Tiessen, Berlin 1912,
seven years after the author's death, Richthofen has brought together everything that
was known of the geology of High Asia until 1896. From the Kara-korum he had
only Stoliczka and Forsyth to quote.¹
In this third volume of his great work, Richthofen points out that at the time
when he wrote his first volume, reliable information regarding the geology of Central
Asia had only been brought back by Pumpelly from Eastern Mongolia and by
Stoliczka from the west on a transverse line from Himalaya over Kashgar to the
southern ranges of Tian-shan. The next step was taken 20 degrees farther east by
Lóczy in 1878. Then followed the important investigations of Bogdanovitch in
the mountain ranges which to the south and west border the Tarim Basin. The next
explorers are Obrutcheff, Potanin, Grum-Grshimailo and other Russians such
as Kosloff and Roborovskiy. The English and French explorers who in audacious
campaigns have crossed Tibet, have not pursued any geological aims.²
The same formation, namely carbon, that Stoliczka had determined north of the
Sanju Pass in 1874, was found by Bogdanovitch in Tekelik-tag south of Khotan
and in the Tisnaf Basin south of Yarkand. The Gryphæa (-Mergil) discovered by
Stoliczka on the way from Sanju to Yarkand was later on recognized to be eocaen.
Marine Trias in alpine facies has been found south of Western Kwen-lun and west
of Kisil-yart in the Pamirs. In both regions these discoveries were made by Stoliczka.
S. E. of Kara-korum middle, brown Jura has been determined from the upper reaches
of Kara-kash.
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329
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342
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352
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363
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375
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386
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397
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407
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432
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444
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457
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467
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478
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488
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493
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499
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510
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520
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530
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541
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552
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563
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573
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583
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593
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605
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615
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625
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635
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646
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656
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666
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681
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693
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704
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714
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726
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737
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747
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758
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773
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788
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801
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813
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833
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848
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864
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876
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888
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