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| 0398 |
Southern Tibet : vol.7 |
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Kara-korum water-parting performed a distinct function, separating the basin of the
Indus from that of the Tarim. He asked what such a water-parting should be called
and why it should not be regarded as a range, when its summits reached an ele-
vation of 28,000 feet?
This discussion took place only some fifteen years after the SCHLAGINTWEITS
journeys! And JOHNSON'S map had been published in the Journal!
SHAW'S article Central Asia in 1872 was translated by PETERMANN.¹ He
points out that recent English and Russian exploration had brought forward a
quite new theory of the arrangement of the mountains of these regions. The Bolor-
tagh was regarded as a north-western continuation of the Himalaya, the Kara-korum
and Kwen-lun were joined with the Himalayas into one great mountain system. And
instead of our imaginations of sharply defined water-parting ranges, we get great
mountain masses and high plateaux on the top of which the peaks and series of
crests were built up. In spite of SAUNDERS' criticism, PETERMANN agrees with SHAW,
MONTGOMERIE, SEVERTSOFF and others who reckon Bolor-tagh, Kwen-lun and Kara-
korum in the Himalayan System. He thinks Shaw was right in giving a greater
and more natural importance to the enormous upheavals of the plateau-masses than to
the more artificial representation hitherto given by the maps.
The geographers of those days did not know the many other systems in the
interior of Tibet and which, notwithstanding the plateaux, are very distinct, and
can not be called peaks built up on a plateau-land. It should not be forgotten
that the original, primary orography may, on account of innumerable periods of
climatic changes and the always acting denudation, be hidden by the secondary
phenomena, to which belong the filling up of basins and the transformation of valleys
into plateaux.
The famous Bolor falls outside of our region, and we have no space here to
enter upon Sir HENRY YULE'S very valuable and learned discussion of the name,
to which he was lead by Shaw's information that the Kirgiz used to give the name
Bolor to Chitral. Yule follows the history of this name which has played such an
important part in maps and geographical works and up to 1870 has been so mis-
leading, not least on account of HUMBOLDT'S unrivalled authority. It is sufficient
for us to quote Yule's final result:²
Bolor, it may be hoped, is now finally disposed of. We not only know that there
is no such place where it was located, but we can also now account for the error. The
name Bolor is, I see, still used by recent geographers for the Pamir Mountains. But the
name has been so tainted, both by accidental error and by forgery, that it would surely
now be well to dismiss it from our maps and books altogether.
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563
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573
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681
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693
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704
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714
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726
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773
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788
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801
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813
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833
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848
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864
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876
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888
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